Architectural Work Place Designs and Work Behaviors for Apple

Question: Discuss about theArchitectural Work Place Designs and Work Behaviors for Apple. Answer: Introduction In recent years the area of architectural design and use of technology is influencing work designs and employee behaviors. Buildings are constructed in a way that it pushes employees to work towards new limits. Example of such buildings is that of Apple Park, a campus that houses 12000 staff with a vast circular building surrounded with a park, and Nvidia a two storey building. Apple Park is located in Cupertino with a type of Silicon Valleys campuses which makes it to be an emblem of the latest US technology industry craze. Nvidia a chipmaker on the other hand has a two storey office with spaces in its heart that do not allow collisions and interactions of the users (Ording Louch 2017, p.45). Nvidia design represents a Utopia of a wide flat across campuses instead of making users split across vertical floors. Every employee in Apple and Nvidia have own work stations (hot desks) which allows them to gather and huddle when working for a project. The use of hot desks is more cost effe ctive and more flexible. Motivation behind use of utopia flat design campuses and hot desks is on revenue generation originating from employees working collaboratively (Myerson, Bichard 2016, p.24). Several studies findings have justified the use of hot desks as appropriate for working stations. A research conducted by Leesman a workplace research group established that 70% of employees in activity-based workplaces like to huddle in a single desk. That contrasts with the aim of using activity-based work place which was designed for them to move from a zone to another during a working day. Gensler, the architectural firm for Nvidia new building justified in their finding that employees require work stations with less privacy, more collaborations and limited space for working. That is provided by the use of hot desks which is more relevant to what the employees need. The drawback of using hot desks is that it may not be suitable for certain professional works requiring individual efforts instead of collaborations (Ording Louch 2017, p.45). Other jobs require individuals to focus towards work and any migration or open spaces would cause distractions. Changes in technology continue to erode work patterns and it is then appropriate if only they do not re-engineer the behavior of the users. Research questions How does architectural technology craze contribute to redesign of work spaces? What are the factors contributing to the recent architectural technology craze in work spaces? Which office space design configuration is most appropriate for employee working behaviors? What are the challenges facing architectural technology in redesigning work spaces? Literature review Literature review of the article is based on the research questions and will be derived from empirical facts from secondary sources of data. Architectural technologies craze and redesign of work spaces There is emerging craze in architectural technologies for work related spaces. Designers and architects are now tasked to redesign work spaces that innovative. They are focused on achieving goals for creating new working spaces that revolve building of communities, encourage work encounters, and could enhance collaborations. The building sector in US and across the world is developing in a rapid speed there is need to adhere to strict building and construction codes. Differential building of co-working spaces as emerged as one of the fast growing areas in the building sector. Architectures and designers are competing to provide the best office structures (Myerson, Bichard 2016, p.24) Innovation spaces in architectural designs are signs of demographic, economic and cultural forces influencing office structures developments. The dynamic changes in innovation are transforming office structures into flexible locales, open enough to host different professionals and disciplines. Changes in demographics in the work place are the leading cause of changes in office structures designs. Designers are tasked with innovative ways to ensure different workers needs are met for the benefit of the institution (Chappell Dunn 2015, p.45). Factors contributing to the recent architectural technology craze in work spaces The architectural work spaces have changed over the last 10 years due to different reasons. The first reason comes from convergent sharing of ideas and opinions from different sectorial areas. Different disciplines and professionals are currently contributing to the latest architectural building designs. Committees are formed from different sectors among them architecture personnel to develop suitable work spaces for their clients. Today, external sources for example the RD laboratories are producing commercialized architectural designs which they sell to different clients. The second factor is that now days architects and designers are competing to deliver competitive and breathtaking designs for their clients. Innovative use of technology currently contributes to 80% of the emerging trends in architectural technology craze in developing work spaces (Latham 2016, p.45) The third factor emerges from those using the work space democratically contributing significantly to current design. Architectural designs are distancing from dictation from architects and leaders of the organization (Giachetti 2016, p.23). The users are given opportunity to state the kind of design they expect to have for their work spaces. It has changed how employees are empowered and elevated to define the nature of work space that supports their ambitions and needs (Lifschutz 2017, p.34). The current architectural designs have become a cutting edge in integrating employee and organizational cultures, ambitions in supporting work space designs that are mutually suitable. Architectural work space configurations and employee working behaviors Private offices are examples of office space designs that architectures design for office use. Private office workplaces offer the largest amount of security of all office conditions. Private offices workplaces likewise furnish representatives with spots to privately hold meetings and have their own particular conferences with colleagues. In many work environments, private office workplaces exist however restricted to abnormal state administrations. It is very costly to have a private office spaces for each worker (Deasy, Newell, Mware 2015, p.45). In any case, offering private office workspaces for representatives to share can go far in consuming resources. As per The Washington Post, around 70 percent of U.S. workplaces take after the open office organize with no or little segments. The beginning of this office space designs absolutely originated from the technology organizations in Silicon Valley, which gloat that open office designs offer unparalleled connection and straightforwardness (Sailer, Pomeroy Haslem 2015, p.253). What started on the West Coast spread the nation over and into organizations in all businesses. While these office floor designs help expand organization space at bring down costs, they can contribute significantly to profitability. The cubicles are example of office space designs configurations where smaller partitions are created to lessen the open spaces created in an open layout office. It is a cost effective method of creating offices and architecturally they were developed from open office plan layouts. They possess numerous drawbacks; employees under the cubicles noise is still a concern, visual distractions is another problem, and another problem is normal movement can be a major disruptions (Hatch 2017, p.132). Certain cubicles are made more attractive by designing meeting points for the employees to breakdown the monotony of open cubicles. Co-working space is a type office space designs configurations applied by architectures. The designs bring diverse groups of workers, professionals in a shared environment. A study by Harvard review shows that employees in co-working spaces are successful than those found in regular offices. The co-working spaces are available to employees at all times (Ching, Binggeli 2018 p.45). They contain numerous working spaces that employees can share tables, resources and share ideas effectively. Challenges facing architectural technology in redesigning work spaces The changing social behaviors and organizational intentions has become a challenge that is contributing to how work space is designed. Architects and designs are largely affected because they need to follow social patterns which are dynamic. Balancing between innovation and design flexibility is another challenge for architects and designers. Organizations are focused on developing work spaces that are flexible to the current and future needs which is challenging. Flexibility requires thinking through all aspects of design, available resources, technology used, current and future needs. The demand for flexibility has made architectural technology in development of work spaces a complex endeavor (Wyoma VanDuinkerken Karen MacDonald 2013, p.248). The changing work pattern and policies for organizations is another challenge to architects and designers. The rate in which changes are done in organization and global changes makes organizations to review their designs for work spaces. A number of architects are complaining over the highly curtailed life of architectural technology designs for work stations. Another challenge is that in collaborative architectural technology designs for work spaces require sectors to communicate effectively on tacit information (Duffy, Cave Worthington 2016, p.45). But the information is found to be undocumented, unstructured, and more experiential that require rich communication techniques. The state and government policies that change town mapping and designs contribute to reshuffling of work space, changing of designs and arrangement of work spaces becomes an occasional challenge for architectural technology designers. Reference lists Chapell, D., Dunn, M., 2015. The design and architect in practice. John Wiley Sons. Ching, F., and Binggeli, C., (2018). Interior and exterior design illustrated. John Wiley Sons. Deasy, S., and Newell, C., VMware., 2015.Architectural method and system for developing workspace applications in work environments, U.S. Patent 9,087,191 Duffy, F., Cave, C. Worthington, J., 2016.Planning for office space and work places, Elsevier Giachetti, R., 2016.Design of enterprise systems: Theory, architecture, and methods. CRC Press Hatch, M., 2017. The symbolic of office design: an empirical exploration. InSymbols and artifacts(pp. 129-146). Routledge. Latham, D., 2016.Creative Reuse of Buildings: Volume One. Routledge. Lifschutz, A., 2017.Loose-fit Architecture: Designing Buildings for Change(Vol. 87, No. 5). John Wiley Sons. Myerson, J., Bichard, J., 2016.New demographics new workspace: Office design for the changing workforce. Routledge. Ording, B., and Louch, J., Apple Inc, 2017.Changing a virtual workspace based on user interaction with an application window in a user interface. U.S. Patent 9,658,732. Sailer, K., Pomeroy, R., and Haslem, R., 2015. Data-driven design data on human behavior and spatial configuration informing the better workplace design.Corporate Real Estate Journal,4(3), pp.249-262. Wyoma VanDuinkerken and Karen MacDonald., 2013. Challenges facing redesigning staff work space. A volumeinChandos Information Professional Series, Vol.3 (5), pages 147162.

Photosynthesis Coursework Essay Example

Photosynthesis Coursework Essay The aim of my experiment was to determine whether or not the intensity of light would affect the rate of photosynthesis in a plant. To do this, I placed a piece of Canadian pondweed in varying light intensities, and observed the amount of oxygen being given off. I used Canadian pondweed because of its unusual quality of giving off bubbles of gas from a cut end, when placed in water.IntroductionPhotosynthesis occurs only in the presence of light, and takes place in the chloroplasts of green plant cells. Photosynthesis can be defined as the production of simple sugars from carbon dioxide and water causing the release of sugar and oxygen. The chemical equation for photosynthesis can be expressed as:(light)6CO2 + 6H2O à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ C6H12O6 + 6O2 (in the presence of chlorophyll)The fact that all plants need light in order to photosynthesise has been proven many times in experiments, and so it is possible to say that without light, the plant would die. The reason that light intensity does a ffect the rate of photosynthesis is because as light, and therefore energy, falls on the chloroplasts in a leaf, it is trapped by the chlorophyll, which then makes the energy available for chemical reactions in the plant. Thus, as the amount of sunlight, or in this case light from a bulb, falls on the plant, more energy is absorbed, so more energy is available for the chemical reactions, and so more photosynthesis takes place in a given time. There are many factors, which affect the rate of photosynthesis, including light intensity, temperature and carbon dioxide concentration. The maximum rate of photosynthesis will be constrained by a limiting factor. This factor will prevent the rate of photosynthesis from rising above a certain level, even if the other conditions needed for photosynthesis are improved. It will therefore be necessary to control these factors throughout the experiment so as not to let them affect the integrity of my investigation into the effect of light intensity .PredictionsI predicted that as the intensity of light increased, so would the rate of photosynthesis. Furthermore, I hypothesised that if the light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis will increase at a proportional rate until a certain level is reached, and the rate of increase will then go down. Eventually, a level will be reached where an increase in light intensity will have no further effect on the rate of photosynthesis, as there will be another limiting factor, in this case probably temperature.Preliminary workInitially, to ascertain a suitable range of distances at which to record results for my experiment, I did a preliminary investigation in which I recorded the number of bubbles of oxygen given off in a given time at various light intensities. To alter the light intensity, I placed a lamp at various distances from the plant. I also therefore needed a way of accurately measuring the light intensity, and I did this using a photometer. I recorded the lux reading (unit of light intensity) at each distance. I got the following results:Results of preliminary experimentDistanceLight intensityNo. Bubbles(cms)(lux)4555124080123511013301491425208162031018155902010945215101521Although this is a very quick, simple and efficient way of obtaining an idea of the trends for the graph, and the boundaries for the measurements, this experiment was not in itself in my opinion accurate enough to be the basis of my main experiment. This lack of accuracy was mainly due to the fact that by simply counting the bubbles, I was relying on each bubble being exactly the same size, which they clearly were not. The preliminary experiment will, however, give me a best fit curve to which I can compare my main graph, and also points at either end of my results at which it is clear to see light intensity has little or no effect. Here, it was in fact at a light intensity of around 950 when it seems that another factor such as temperature or carbon dioxide concentration has become a limiting factor. In my main experiment therefore, it will not be necessary to take readings above this point. It also shows that while my outer limits are justified, it would be better to take more readings between the distances of 10 and 20 centimetres, as the distance between the points is large at this point, and so I have decided to take readings at the following distances: 5, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45, cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s.MethodInput variables à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ light intensity is to be varied by increasing and decreasing the distance from the light source to the plantOutput variables à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ volume of oxygen produced (rate of photosynthesis) is to be measured by finding the volume of oxygen produced in a minute, and thus finding the rate of photosynthesisControl variables à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Light wavelength (colour) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ light energy is absorbed by the pigment, chlorophyll, in the leaf. Chlorophyll easily absorbs blue light, in the 400-450 nm range, a nd also easily absorbs red light, in the 650-700 nm range. However it does not easily absorb green or yellow light, rather it reflects them, decreasing the amount of light absorbed, and therefore the rate of photosynthesis. This can easily be controlled, simply by using the same lamp throughout the experiment.Carbon dioxide concentration à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ This can affect the rate of photosynthesis, since if there is too little CO2, it can become the limiting factor, thus impeding the viability of the experiment. In this case, as long as the experiment is done over a short period of time, the amount of carbon dioxide used up by the plant will not be sufficient enough to cause the carbon dioxide concentration to become the limiting factor. If my experiment were to be performed over a longer period of time, for instance 24 hours, I would add a fixed amount of Sodium hydrogen carbonate to the water, thus ensuring a large enough supply of carbon dioxide.Water availability à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ water i s also required in the photosynthesis reaction, and when it is lacking, the plantsà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ stomata close to prevent further water loss. This closing of the stomata cells also leads to little carbon dioxide being able to diffuse through. Clearly, in a water plant, like the pondweed, as long as the plant is fully submerged in water at all times, this will not be a problem.Temperature à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Enzymes are used in the photosynthesis reactions of a plant. Therefore, temperature will increase the rate of photosynthesis, until a point at which the enzymes denature. Although performing the experiment at a temperature slightly higher than room temperature, perhaps 25à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C, would have a positive effect on the accuracy of the readings I took, as it would reduce the percentage error, by increasing the volumes, I decided that the inaccuracy of maintaining a constant temperature would outweigh any advantages. I am therefore going to perform the experiment at room temperature, chec king the temperature frequently, in case the heat given off from the light should slightly raise the temperature, in which case I shall simply refill the beaker with more water after each experiment.MethodApparatus listDesk lampAudus apparatusCanadian pond weedKnifeClampPond waterThermometerTest-tubeBeakerCold waterStopwatchCut a stem of Canadian pondweed of about 3cm in length. Fill a test-tube with pond water, and place it in a clamp, and then in a large beaker of cold water. Connect the end of the pondweed to the Audus apparatus. Insert a thermometer into the beaker, and record the temperature at the beginning and end of each experiment, merely as a precaution against a significant rise in temperature, which is not expected. Set up a lamp at a set distance from the plant, ensuring that this distance is from the filament of the lamp to the actual pondweed, rather than the edge of the beaker. The light intensity was measured in the same way as described in the preliminary experimen t, and assumed to be the same at any point at any particular distance. When bubbles are being produced at a steady rate, clear any previous bubbles from the tubing by moving the syringe. Start the stopwatch, and wait for 1 minute. Move the bubbles, which have been collected at the bend in the tubing to the part of the tube with a scale. Find the length of the bubble collected. Repeat for all other readings, and then repeat all readings a second time to get an average result for each distance.Audus apparatusUsing the described method, I found the following results:Results for main experimentDistanceLight intensitylength 1length 2average length(cm)(lux)(mm)(mm)(mm)510153.53.53.5109453.53.53.512770433.5146393.53.53.51650033.53.25183953332031023.52.75252081.52.51.75301491.51.51.53511011140800.510.75455500.50.25Although, because I was using light intensity as my variable, I did not need to record the distances as well, I did, simply to use them as a marker for each result, so that I only had to record the light intensity once at the beginning and from then I just had to align the lamp at the correct distance each time.AnalysisMy graph was in the form of a best-fit curve. I drew it as a curve rather than a straight line because of the clear pattern of the points. This meant that the rate of photosynthesis increased as the light intensity increased. This was because photosynthesis is a reaction, which needs energy from light to work, so as the amount of energy available from light increased with the rise in light intensity, so did the amount of oxygen produced as a product of photosynthesis.My graphs showed that the relationship between the light intensity and the rate of photosynthesis was non-linear, as both graphs produced a best-fit curve. However, as I expected in my hypothesis, it does appear that for the very first part of the graph, the increase in rate is in fact proportional to the increase in light intensity (i.e. a straight line) and I can show this by ta king some readings from the graph:Light intensity Rate of photosynthesis(All increase by the 100 1 (mm/min)same factor) 150 1.5 (mm/min)200 2 (mm/min)From these results, I am able to say that an increase in light intensity does certainly increase the rate of photosynthesis. The gradual decrease in the rate of increase of the rate of photosynthesis (the shallowing of the curve) can be attributed to the other factors limiting the rate of photosynthesis. As light intensity increases, the photosynthetic rate is being limited by certain factors, such as carbon dioxide and temperature. These factors do not immediately limit the rate of photosynthesis, but rather gradually. As light intensity increases further, so the rate of photosynthesis is being limited by other factors more and more, until the rate of photosynthesis is constant, and so is almost certainly limited in full by another factor.Overall, both graphs and my results support my predictions fully. My idea that the rate of photos ynthesis would increase with light intensity was comprehensively backed up by my results. This is because a higher light intensity involves a greater level of light energy, which can then be transferred to a special protein environment designed to convert the energy. Here, the energy of a photon is used to transfer electrons from one chlorophyll pigment to the next. When enough energy has been gathered at a reaction centre, ATP can be synthesised from ADP. The oxygen collected in the experiment is in fact the by-product of this reaction, and so it is clear to see that the more light energy, the more ADP is being converted into ATP and more oxygen is produced as a result.EvaluationAlthough I feel that my experiment was sound overall, I thought there were many points at which the accuracy was not perfect. As I have already stated, my preliminary experiment was not accurate enough to justify being used as my main experiment, mostly due to the fact that I was relying on all the bubbles being the same size, which they clearly werenà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½t, however many of the smaller inaccuracies also apply to my main experiment.Firstly, the distance between the light sources and the Canadian Pondweed were not measured to a very high degree of accuracy, especially when you note the fact that the distance should have been measured exactly from the filament of the light bulb to the centre of the plant, and it is possible here to find a percentage error. I estimate that the error could have been up to 0.5cm and I will find the percentage error for the largest and smallest reading using this estimate:Percentage error = possible inaccuracytotal reading% error distance10 5cm1 50cmIt is clear to see that the percentage error is much less for the larger distances. Although I was not actually using the distances as part of my results, I used them as a marker for where the lamp was placed each time, as I assumed that the light intensity would be the same each time at a particular dista nce. Therefore, any inaccuracies in measuring the distances, i.e. if a distance was slightly different when doing the actual experiment from the distance at which I earlier measured the light intensity, an error would ensue.The second major inaccuracy was in measuring the volume of oxygen given off.When reading the syringe there could have been an error of 0.25mm, and again it is possible to find a percentage error.% error volume3.57 7ml50 0.5mlFor the smallest volumes this is clearly a massive error, and to improve this, it would be necessary to do the readings over a longer period of time, therefore increasing the volumes, and in turn reducing the percentage errors.Another error would have been due to background light in the vicinity. We tried to reduce this error by closing all blinds in the laboratory, but due to practical reasons, we could not all perform the experiment in a separate room, and we therefore experienced light pollution from other studentà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s experiments. This would have had a very marginal effect on my results as a whole, but to eliminate this problem completely, it would have been necessary to perform the experiment in a totally dark room.A further inaccuracy was in the heat generated by the lamp. As I have earlier described, temperature has a very noticeable effect on the rate of photosynthesis, and so any increase in the temperature of the pond water would have had serious effects on the accuracy of my results. To ensure this did not happen, I monitored the temperature of the water before and after every reading, to check that the temperature did in fact not rise. It turned out not to be a problem, as over the short period of time taken by my experimental readings, the temperature did not rise at all. However, if I were to extend the time of my experiment to 5 minutes for each reading for example, which would have the effect of reducing other percentage errors, I would have to find some way of keeping the temperature constant. O ne way of doing this would be to place a perspex block between the lamp and the plant, which would absorb most of the heat, while allowing the light energy to pass through.As I mentioned in my planning, carbon dioxide concentration could have been an error in the experiment, however, I feel that due to the short period of time taken, there is very little chance that the concentration would ever have been so low as to have become the limiting factor. Again if I were to carry out the experiment over a longer time period, it would have been necessary to add sodium hydrogen carbonate to the water to increase the carbon dioxide concentrations.The last inaccuracy, though a small one, was in the time keeping. The main problem here was in when to begin the minute. If for one reading, the minute was started just after one bubble had been produced, and in another reading it was just before, this could have had a negative effect on the accuracy of my results. I therefore ensured that in each c ase I started the stopwatch just after a bubble had been produced, thus heightening the accuracy.Overall, I felt that due to the small volumes of oxygen involved, my experiment was not as accurate as it could have been, however I believe it was accurate enough to support and justify my hypotheses. Improvements could have been made as I have stated, mainly by simply increasing the time taken. However, due to practical time constraints in taking the readings for my investigation, and some consequential problems relating to time extension, I could not in fact make these adjustments. The other obvious way of increasing the reliability of my results would be to take many repeat readings and find an average.To extend my enquiries into the rate of photosynthesis, I could perhaps try to link in some of the other limiting factors to the same experiment, as well as investigating them in their own right. It could also be interesting to explore the effects of coloured lights on the rate of phot osynthesis, which could lead to the question of whether or not other types of light, such as fluorescent lights or halogen lights, would have a different effect on the rate of photosynthes

Did Truman simply want the black vote Essay Example

Did Truman simply want the black vote Essay When Harry Truman came to power in 1945 his policies were very much associated with black civil rights, in this assignment we must establish whether he simply just wanted the black vote or whether there were underlying reasons for his association and his appealing to the black voters. Truman was born and raised in the state of Missouri which had a large white population and a small black population, it would have been unusual for Harry Truman not to be a racist. The environment he grew up in was very racist and his own ancestors had owned slaves, many of the blacks in the state of Missouri were also previously slaves. Previous to 1944 Truman did not need the black vote to win, no need to court the black vote. Roosevelt in 1944 was looking for a vice president, Truman got the position and for the first time had to appeal to the whole of the USA, therefore he had to court the black vote. It was possibly the first time that the black vote actually accounted for something (franchisement- the right to vote). We will write a custom essay sample on Did Truman simply want the black vote specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Did Truman simply want the black vote specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Did Truman simply want the black vote specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Then in 1945 when President Roosevelt died, Truman became president, at first he was not helpful to blacks. In 1948 the presidential election was held and it was then that Truman really pushed his civil rights policies, possibly to win the black vote. To win the election he needed to secure at least 270 votes. There are 538 votes in the Electoral College and the candidate who wins the vote in each state receives all of the electoral votes assigned to that state. Each state has a number of Electoral College votes equal to the number of senators it has plus the number of members of the House of Representatives it has (which is dependant upon the population of the state). New York, Illinois and Michigan were the three most important (northern) states in the election process because they had a large black population. It was these three black communities which Truman needed to convince to vote for him, in order for him to become president, they were the deciding states as it were. His rival was Strom Thurmond a republican, who was an overt racist whereas Truman was a democrat. His plan was flaw proof, by offering civil rights to the blacks in the Dixie-southern states and those in the two most important northern states would win him the presidency. This action shows the great influence that Trumans policies had on the black voters. It cannot be argued that in no means can it possibly be due to his need for the black vote, the fact is it was to do with votes. In the election Truman carried an unprecedented two-thirds of the black vote. He did however lose the Dixiecrat vote, which was probably significantly as large as the black vote. However this does not entirely explain his support for civil rights, there were a number of other factors which played a part in his support. In 1945 the cold war took place, an ideological conflict between the USA and the USSR followed. Both super powers were involved in a global power struggle and both had the potential to control the entire world. The USA believed the whole world should adopt their capitalist system and at the same time the USSR believed the world should adopt their communist system. In 1945 the USSR and Mongolia were both communist run countries but between 1945 and 1948 Poland, Czechoslovakia, Eastern Germany, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Yugoslavia and China were a new list of countries that Russia had liberated forced to become communist, in the global power struggle. Americans became terrified that the world would become communist and that they would be swamped. Americans did not want to be part of a communist country because it would mean all their wealth would have to be shared, industry would be state-owned not privately owned and elections would be a one-party dictatorship with all candidates belonging to the communist party. The Americans embarked upon a red witch hunt an attack on all communist countries. Truman firmly believed that equality was vital in maintaining Americas moral standing in the Cold War world. So Truman may have been eager to gain equality for all Americans, to stand tall against the USSR, in the global power struggle. Truman may have also been backing black civil rights for the sole reason to protect the Americans national reputation conscience, he believed that there should be an end to lynching, the poll tax and inequality in education and employment. It was clear that he was motivated by the desire to do what was best for America, alongside the other factors which contributed to his policies. Truman was a racist but tried to be fair. He did not seek social equality for blacks but he wanted legal equality, which he saw as a black mans basic right, because he is a human being and a natural born American. It was clear he was still representing the Missouri voters. He was especially horrified by the attacks on black servicemen returning from World War II, the worst occurred in the Deep South where Negro soldiers had just returned from overseas and were dumped out of army trucks in Missouri and beaten Truman remarked that these stories turned his stomach. His opinion on education for blacks was that if they were better educated that it would benefit the economy and in turn help all Americans, he told black democrats of this belief. His ideas were deliberately misrepresented. His advocacy for equality of opportunity was interpreted as miscegenation and integration, which was unprecedented. Integrated political meetings, which he conducted in southern states, caused serious violence. Idealism was an important element in his actions, this was seen when he put his life on the line. When The Ku Klux Klan surrounded a several thousand strong crowd, at a meeting but dared not attack because 100 armed blacks stood alongside them. Truman recognised that regardless of race the respect for the law was at sake. In the case of a white person being violent towards a black person, in whom they were not punished led to the belief and idea that the law was more lenient on the white community. Therefore it was likely that the whites would abuse the law and lose all respect for it. Also those whites, who saw little help for those black people being attacked, would lose their trust in the law to support them in times of need. The nation would lose pride in their justice system. However, privately Truman would still refer to blacks as niggers, his sister even claimed that Harry is no more for nigger equality than any of us. This paints a different picture to how he was regarded by his public. The question being analysed has a very open ended answer, as it is quite possible that President Truman was motivated by the black vote, respect for the law, humane repugnance at racist attacks, personal veracity and his insight into what was good for his country at the time and its proclaimed leadership of the free world against communism, which veered Truman toward support of greater equality for blacks. However, ultimately he supported civil rights so strongly, it could be claimed that it was simply to win the black vote and as a result gain power of the country that he had been brought up in. the definitive reward, which he longed for, a famous name all around the world and a place in history. Still there remains to be strong enough evidence to prove that Trumans motivation was not purely political. Therefore Trumans association with black civil rights was not totally motivated by his want for the black vote but as a result of a combination of reasons.

girl friends and guy friends essays

girl friends and guy friends essays Its a Friday night and youve got nothing to do. Maybe you feel like relaxing on the couch at home. Maybe you want to watch a movie, or even get dinner with a friend. But which friend? A guy friend or a girl friend? This is where the decision becomes crucial. It all depends on what kind of mood youre in. You may be asking yourself, Why would my mood affect whether I call a girl friend or a guy friend? The answer to this is that girl friends and guy friends, while both obviously friends, are completely different beings, different species even. Both are friends, but could not be more opposite in conversations or actions. Because of the way they function in social situations, girl friends and guy friends are like polar opposites. Lets say a girl and a guy friend, well call them Jenna and Fred, go to the mall to look around, you know, for something to do. At the mall, Jenna sees a pair of pants she wants to try on. So she tries them on and walks out to ask Fred for his opinion. Well, theyre kind of tight on your legs. They make you look sorta thick, you know? Brutally honest. The first, and maybe most predominate, trait of the guy friend. Almost offensive, but in actuality its one of his strongest and most reliable characteristics. To be extremely forward, honest, and not take the energy to sugarcoat the truth. On the other end of the spectrum we have a girl friend, who when asked about how Jennas pants look, would say something like, Oh, those are really cute. They look good in the waist. What size are those? The girl friend dodges the trouble area. She avoids the truth, and changes the subject at all costs. She would rather lie than insult her friend. This is where the girl friend differs from the guy friend, because she would rather spare her friends feelings than have her be fully infor ...

Financial reporting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial reporting - Assignment Example rganization is not to simply promote its very own business and increase the ultimate goal of profit figures but, on the other hand, these organization also acknowledges their secondary responsibility towards its society people and environmental affects. The primary purpose of conducting various CSER activities by Company is the clear acknowledgement on the part of the Company that they do care about its society, their peoples, and environment and therefore, is consistently working on the promotion of various subjects of the society including, literature, sports, health, safety and others. CSER involve in incurring some short-term expenses and costs for the organization that do not also provide an instant financial benefit to the business, but instead it provides some qualitative return to the business in the long run. The activities of CSER widely promote many positive and beneficial transformations into the society and environment, in which the organization is performing their operations. With the help of CSER report, the ultimate aim of the business is to signify towards the society that they are the organization which have strict regulations and controls over the various business evils, including, Frauds, Bribery, Political influences and gifts, conflict of interests, compromise of independence issues, tax evasion, unethical business practice, unfair competitive activities, lack of confidentiality of business information and acumen, harassment of human rights and values, discrimination and many others, depending on the structure and needs of the organization. Through, CSER, business organization also wants demonstrate they strictly follow health and safety measures, its code of conduct, regulatory guidelines and are continually striving for improvement in order to accrue lesser and lesser damage to physical environment and nature. ABF Plc’s Corporate Responsibility Report clearly demonstrates that how much importance they are actually giving to the area

Personal Leadership Evaluation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Personal Leadership Evaluation - Research Paper Example It seems clear that to some extent individuals can take a broad overview of their leadership qualities, and work to develop responses to the various strengths and weaknesses that are identified. This essay functions to evaluate my current leadership effectiveness. Specifically, the essay includes a review of who I as a leader need to be, what I as a leader need to know, and what I as a leader need to do. In examining who I as a leader need to be, I recognize that there are a variety of elements that must be considered. While I have not entirely decided on my career path, I recognize that I would like to pursue a path related to businesses and organizations. Even as these categorical distinctions involve a wide variety of elements, it’s clear there are a number of universal principles that underline all aspects of leadership. One of the important texts in articulating essential aspects of leadership is Maxwell (2007)’s The 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership. In this text Maxwell articulates a number of notions of effective leadership, as well as means of developing these qualities so the reader can attain more effective leadership qualities. In terms of my own leadership, I recognize there are a number of areas of leadership I would like to be as a means of achieving more effectiveness in my chosen career path. One of the important notions of leadership that Maxwell establishes is the understanding that the leader does not simply lead the ship, but the leader charts the course. The text gives an example of a historic trip to the Arctic. The trip was made by two separate groups – one headed by Robert Falcon Scott and one headed by Roald Amundsen. While Scott haphazardly planned for the excursion, Amundsen took great pains to research the terrain and the various environmental conditions. As one might expect, Scott’s trip was a failure and Amundsen’s trip was a success. The underlining principles in this is that successful leaders will not simply follow a set path and expect individuals to simply follow their lead, but will instead by the individuals that foreground that path that will be traversed. When considering the type of leader that I want to be, I am greatly influenced by the notion of charting a course rather than simply leading. In these regards, I would like to lead through example in a leadership model that does not simply follow the structural constraints of an organization, but readily defines these constraints through innovation, creativity, and development. When I consider contemporary examples of the type of leadership that I hope to achieve I consider individuals such as Steve Jobs and Bill Gates. While traditional notions of leadership present a charismatic figure such as John F. Kennedy or Barack Obama who are able to garner followers and support through rhetoric and charm, I increasingly find myself embracing a different incarnation of leadership. I believe that while charismatic leadersh ip is effective, leaders can also be effective through the demonstration of creativity and innovation. For instance, Steve Jobs has garnered incredible support and esteem through his management of Apple, Inc. By most objective standards Jobs does not exhibit the charismatic elements, but is able to retain respect and influence through his strong and innovative corporate approach. Steve Jobs has soundly demonstrated that effective leaders navigate rather than simply lead. In terms of my own leadership, I hope to be able to

NEC Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

NEC - Assignment Example hnology and specialization advanced rapidly, it became more difficult for companies to harness all necessary technologies through their own R&D activities. Consequently they were forming strategic alliances with other firms, laboratories and universities that held competitive edge technologically (Mark 1987). There were several proposed sites for NEC including Boston, Palo Alto and Princeton. Shinoda and Kahng believed it was necessary to establish the laboratory at a relatively quiet place and thus it was conducive to establish the site in Princeton. The closeness of Princeton to Europe was significant for constant communication to the headquarters in Europe. It was essential for NEC to move out of Europe in order to diversify its market and exploit new markets in the globe. Princeton was a strategic position for the development of the company owing to the accessibility of resources. The region having other scientific institutions such as the Bell Laboratories, the IBM Research Institute, and the SRI Institute would facilitate NES with new knowledge that would be essential in establishing of a successful achievement of set objectives. Princeton would also be a convenient place to do collaborative research; this is because of the easy access to universities such as the Princeton University, Columbia University and Yale University. These Universities would greatly help in carrying out research for the firm. I think locating the industry in a region that has other firms already established would be essential for ease in access by clients because clients are already aware of the company’s location. The competition by other similar firm would greatly assist the firm to borrow and make reasonable improvements. Many companies tend to focus on both research and development activities all together; this is not the case with NEC. NEC prefers to entirely focus on research activities alone in the international research center; this decision is accompanied with a number