Female Relationships in Shakespeares Taming of the Shrew...

Female Relationships in Shakespeares Taming of the Shrew and A Midsummer Nights Dream Often in literature, parallels are used to accentuate certain things. William Shakespeare utilizes this tool in both The Taming of the Shrew and A Midsummer Nights Dream. In both of these comedic plays, there is a set of women who are at odds with each other. These relationships can be compared and contrasted in different aspects. In Shakespeares, The Taming of the Shrew the relationship between the sisters Katherine and Bianca appears to be strained with rampant jealousy. Both daughters fight for the attentions of their father. In twisted parallel roles, they take turns being demure and hag-like. Father of the two, Baptista Minola, fusses†¦show more content†¦Petruccio sees dollar signs and rushes forth in grand dress and eloquent mannerisms to court the gracious Kate. When he first begins his ritual of winning the family and Katherine to his love, he is seeking his fortune in her dowry. The mention of her being at all undesirable does not put rocks in his path. He spea ks of One rich enough to be Petruccios wife, as wealth is burden of my wooing dance be she as foul as was Florentius love, as old as Sibyl, and as curst and shrewd as Socrates Xanthippe or a worse, she moves me not or not removes at least affections edge in me, were she as rough as are the swelling Adriatic Seas. (1.2.65-71) Petruccio comes calling for the older sister, and Bianca in turn sneaks about with Lucentio who is dressed in scholars clothing. They pretend to be working on Latin and fool her father with disguises and books while romancing the entire time. Katherine is honest in her words and deeds. She does not wish to be teased or tormented and flees from Petruccios twisted words. Kate and Bianca trade roles at this time and the dainty, controlled sister is Kate. The bolder, out-spokenShow MoreRelatedAnalysis : Shake And Stir Theatre Company1620 Words   |  7 Pagescompelling theatrical voice which aspires to render Shakespeare’s plays to appease modern audiences. However, William Shakespeare penned his last play 400 years ago; despite this, his plays and sonnets are as alive today as they were in the 16th and 17th Centuries. Shakespeare’s plays still appeal to modern society because of the universality of the dramatic themes- desire, domestic relationships, the complications of love and power struggles in relationships - humans still experience these emotions andRead MoreCommon Features of a Shakespeare Comedy1745 Words   |  7 Pagesare peppered with clever word play, metaphors and insults. 1. Love: The theme of love is prevalent in every Shakespeare comedy. Often, we are presented with sets of lovers who, through the course of the play, overcome the obstacles in their relationship and unite. Love in Shakespearean comedy is stronger than the inertia of custom, the power of evil, or the fortunes of chance and time. In all of these plays but one (Troilus and Cressida), the obstacles presented to love are triumphantly overcomeRead MoreA Midsummer Night’s Dream, by William Shakespeare1368 Words   |  6 PagesA Midsummer Night’s Dream A Midsummer Night’s Dream is an enchanting comedy that presents many dominant views widespread in the society of Shakespeare’s time. Ideas of love and romance are central to the play, and notions of gender and male-dominance prevalent at the time surface throughout the text. Modern audiences may find such notions confronting, whereas Jacobeans might find other elements of the play such as the rampant disorder, uncomfortable. Love is one of the central ideologies presentRead MoreShake And Stir By William Shakespeare1234 Words   |  5 PagesShake and Stir Responding Task Shake and Stir Theatre Company is a compelling theatrical voice which aspires to render Shakespeare’s plays to appease modern audiences. However, William Shakespeare penned his last play 400 years ago; despite this, his plays and sonnets are as alive today as they were in the 16th and 17th Centuries. Shakespeare’s plays still appeal to modern society because of the universality of the dramatic themes- love, deceit, political endorsement, honour, ambition and courage-Read MoreAs You Like It a Romantic Comedy1658 Words   |  7 Pageslovers must overcome obstacles and misunderstandings before being united in harmonious union. The ending frequently involves a parade of couples to the altar and a festive mood or actual celebration (expressed in dance, song, feast, etc.) A Midsummer Nights Dream has four such couples (not counting Pyramus and Thisbe!); As You Like It has four; Twelfth Night has three; etc. Frequently (but not always), it contains elements of the improbable, the fantastic, the supernatural, or the miraculous, e.g.Read MoreSocial Status in Shakespeares Plays2035 Words   |  9 PagesIn Shakespeares time, the English lived with a strong sense of social class -- of belonging to a particular group because of occupation, wealth, and ancestry. Elizabethan Society had a very strict social code at the time that Shakespeare was writing his plays. Social class could determine all sorts of things, from what a person could wear to where he could live to what jobs his children could get. Some families moved from one class to another, but most people were born into a particular class andRead More Social Status in Shakespeares Plays Essay examples1998 Words   |  8 Pages In Shakespeares time, the English lived with a strong sense of social class -- of belonging to a particular group because of occupation, wealth, and ancestry. Elizabethan Society had a very strict social code at t he time that Shakespeare was writing his plays. Social class could determine all sorts of things, from what a person could wear to where he could live to what jobs his children could get. Some families moved from one class to another, but most people were born into a particular class and

Raymond Carvers A Small Good Thing Essay example - 842 Words

Raymond Carvers A Small Good Thing Raymond Carvers A Small Good Thing, a short story that has to do with the lack of interaction and empathy between the baker, Ann and Howard, the finale where the baker is startled to find out about the childs death, asks for mercy and presents them warm cinnamon rolls telling them that Eating is a small, good thing in a time like this and they are comforted, reveals particular significance of the title in terms of the storys theme. Also, Raymond Carvers Cathedral, a story that starts with an ignorant and rude narrator whose wife has called a blind friend to spend the night at their home and according to Carver, A blind man in my house was not something I looked forward to,(38) has some†¦show more content†¦After the baker takes all the rage thrown on him by Ann, he in return begs for forgiveness and gives the parents what they were lacking, that is food. The baker does all this even though he is alone and virtually makes contact with anybody. In Raymonds Cathedral, certain similarities can be drawn from the thematic content that is revealed in both stories. In Cathedral, the theme is expansive, but the ones that are similar in both stories are communication, and empathy. The communication theme in this story is much more serious than the one in A Small Good Thing, the reason being that the narrator has less or no communication whatsoever with his wife. This is vividly shown in the story where the narrator says When the time rolled around, my wife went to the depot to pick him up. With nothing to do but wait, I was having a drink and watching TV.(41) This deficiency of intimacy, intercourse led the narrator to be ignorant but very thoughtful. However the narrators thoughtfulness did not lead him to understand that his lack of tolerance was much more serious than he knew it was. In A Small Good Thing, as mentioned earlier, after Howard returns home, the baker keeps on calling him and telling him about the cake, but Howard tells him I dont know anything about a cake, Jesus what are you talking about? Ann never tells Howard about the cake she ordered before Scotts accident. Here the lack of communication theme is less seriousShow MoreRelated An Analysis on the Similarities and Differences in Raymond Carversâ€Å"A Small Good Thing† and â€Å"The Bath†2727 Words   |  11 Pages In Raymond Carvers The Bath and rewritten version of the story entitled A Small, Good Thing, the author tells the same tale in different ways, and to different ends, creating variegated experiences for the reader. Both stories have the same central plot and a majority of details remain the same, but the effects that the stories have upon the reader is significantly different. The greatest character difference is found in the role of the Baker, and his interaction with the other charactersRead MoreThe Lives and Works of Raymond Carver1692 Words   |  7 Pagesstyle of writing, Raymond Carver has left a lasting and outstanding impact on the history of short stories. Even though Raymond Carver left a long impact, his life was of the opposite. Like Raymond Carver’s famous award winning stories, his life was short. Raymond Carver was born on May 25th, 1938 in Clatskanie, Oregon, a mill town on the Columbia River. Carver grew up in Yakima, Washington. Carver had three members to his small family, his mother, his father, and brother. Carver’s only had one siblingRead MoreAnalysis Of Raymond Carver Cathedral1260 Words   |  6 PagesRaymond Carver is often known for his writing style known as minimalism, a style that often uses short phrases or sentences that convey a great amount of meaning. Carver’s â€Å"Cathedral† is full of minimalism, whether it be short and repetitive dialogue or brief thoughts that go through the n arrators mind. These intentionally precise sentences are full of meaning, whether it be the importance of communication, or the lack of, the underlying tones of death and jealously, or even the psychological connectionRead More Themes in Raymond Carvers Literature Essay743 Words   |  3 PagesThemes in Raymond Carvers Literature In Short Cuts, by Raymond Carver, characters experience trials and problems in their lives, whether extreme such as in A Small, Good Thing and Lemonade or nominal such as in Vitamins. They all seem to depict these struggles as uphill battles which the characters cannot and mostly do not overcome. The characters throughout Carvers Short Cuts struggle through their lives in private desperation, often to ultimately realize that they are bound toRead MoreAnalysis Of Raymond Carver s The Cathedral 863 Words   |  4 Pages One of the Raymond Carver story where we can find a lot of religion symbols; it is â€Å"Cathedral.† The story develops an ironic situation in which a blind man teaches a sighted man to truly â€Å"see† for the first time. Near the end of the story, Carver has these two characters work together on a drawing of a cathedral, which serves as the symbolic heart of the story. The cathedral represents true sight, the ability to see beyond the surface to the true meaning that lies within. The narrator’s drawingRead MoreMinimalism by Raymond Carver Essay3013 Words   |  13 PagesLiterary Criticism Minimalism by Raymond Carver English 210 P. Fishman Research Paper Literary Criticism on Minimalism by Raymond Carver Raymond Carver was a master of the short story during the mid nineteenth century due to his unique minimalistic style. Carver has his own artistic signature when it comes to writing, he tells his stories usingRead MoreThemes Of A Small, Good Thing Essay968 Words   |  4 PagesThemes in ‘A Small, Good Thing’ Life consists of persistence and lethargy; patience and tragedy; felicity and suffering; experiences and failures; ups and downs; and accepting the good with the bad and the bad along with the good. These details create ‘slices of life’ moments in our lives. As we read Raymond Carver’s short stories, we see these beautiful moments come to pass. One of the short stories that presented this was ‘A Small, Good Thing’, where Carver demonstrates occurring themes of lonelinessRead MoreAnalysis Of Raymond Carver s Cathedral 1340 Words   |  6 PagesRaymond Carver’s characters were considered to be very much like him: â€Å"’on the edge: of poverty, alcoholic self-destruction, loneliness† (Mays 32). His short story â€Å"Cathedral† is about a young couple, who have a visitor coming to stay with them. This visitor, Robert, is the wife’s friend, and he is blind. The narrator, the husband, has never met someone who is blind , was bothered by that. To him, being blind meant constantly needing help from others. His depiction of blindness was what he has seenRead MoreA Sacred Place1124 Words   |  5 PagesA Sacred Place A sanctuary is a sacred place where a person can feel safe and find peace within oneself. It is the theme of sanctuary that relates Irene Zabytko’s â€Å"Home Soil†, Raymond Carver’s â€Å"A Small, Good Thing† and Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, to one another. In Irene Zabytko’s â€Å"Home Soil†, the narrator tato talks about the harsh experiences he had in his past. He talks about how he was forced by the German’s to go out and herd up the crowds in the streets, â€Å"Read MoreAnalysis Of Raymond Carver s Cathedral1696 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: Everyone has ghosts in their closets; something they are running from, or trying to bury alive. Cathedral, written by Raymond Carver, takes place in the early 1980’s. Originally published in The Atlantic Monthly in 1981. Carver slightly revised the story and re-released it in 1983. At a time when the blue collar working class lived paycheck to paycheck, working hard for newfound luxuries such as color television, this short story is humorous and eye-opening for the reader. For adults

Architectural Work Place Designs and Work Behaviors for Apple

Question: Discuss about theArchitectural Work Place Designs and Work Behaviors for Apple. Answer: Introduction In recent years the area of architectural design and use of technology is influencing work designs and employee behaviors. Buildings are constructed in a way that it pushes employees to work towards new limits. Example of such buildings is that of Apple Park, a campus that houses 12000 staff with a vast circular building surrounded with a park, and Nvidia a two storey building. Apple Park is located in Cupertino with a type of Silicon Valleys campuses which makes it to be an emblem of the latest US technology industry craze. Nvidia a chipmaker on the other hand has a two storey office with spaces in its heart that do not allow collisions and interactions of the users (Ording Louch 2017, p.45). Nvidia design represents a Utopia of a wide flat across campuses instead of making users split across vertical floors. Every employee in Apple and Nvidia have own work stations (hot desks) which allows them to gather and huddle when working for a project. The use of hot desks is more cost effe ctive and more flexible. Motivation behind use of utopia flat design campuses and hot desks is on revenue generation originating from employees working collaboratively (Myerson, Bichard 2016, p.24). Several studies findings have justified the use of hot desks as appropriate for working stations. A research conducted by Leesman a workplace research group established that 70% of employees in activity-based workplaces like to huddle in a single desk. That contrasts with the aim of using activity-based work place which was designed for them to move from a zone to another during a working day. Gensler, the architectural firm for Nvidia new building justified in their finding that employees require work stations with less privacy, more collaborations and limited space for working. That is provided by the use of hot desks which is more relevant to what the employees need. The drawback of using hot desks is that it may not be suitable for certain professional works requiring individual efforts instead of collaborations (Ording Louch 2017, p.45). Other jobs require individuals to focus towards work and any migration or open spaces would cause distractions. Changes in technology continue to erode work patterns and it is then appropriate if only they do not re-engineer the behavior of the users. Research questions How does architectural technology craze contribute to redesign of work spaces? What are the factors contributing to the recent architectural technology craze in work spaces? Which office space design configuration is most appropriate for employee working behaviors? What are the challenges facing architectural technology in redesigning work spaces? Literature review Literature review of the article is based on the research questions and will be derived from empirical facts from secondary sources of data. Architectural technologies craze and redesign of work spaces There is emerging craze in architectural technologies for work related spaces. Designers and architects are now tasked to redesign work spaces that innovative. They are focused on achieving goals for creating new working spaces that revolve building of communities, encourage work encounters, and could enhance collaborations. The building sector in US and across the world is developing in a rapid speed there is need to adhere to strict building and construction codes. Differential building of co-working spaces as emerged as one of the fast growing areas in the building sector. Architectures and designers are competing to provide the best office structures (Myerson, Bichard 2016, p.24) Innovation spaces in architectural designs are signs of demographic, economic and cultural forces influencing office structures developments. The dynamic changes in innovation are transforming office structures into flexible locales, open enough to host different professionals and disciplines. Changes in demographics in the work place are the leading cause of changes in office structures designs. Designers are tasked with innovative ways to ensure different workers needs are met for the benefit of the institution (Chappell Dunn 2015, p.45). Factors contributing to the recent architectural technology craze in work spaces The architectural work spaces have changed over the last 10 years due to different reasons. The first reason comes from convergent sharing of ideas and opinions from different sectorial areas. Different disciplines and professionals are currently contributing to the latest architectural building designs. Committees are formed from different sectors among them architecture personnel to develop suitable work spaces for their clients. Today, external sources for example the RD laboratories are producing commercialized architectural designs which they sell to different clients. The second factor is that now days architects and designers are competing to deliver competitive and breathtaking designs for their clients. Innovative use of technology currently contributes to 80% of the emerging trends in architectural technology craze in developing work spaces (Latham 2016, p.45) The third factor emerges from those using the work space democratically contributing significantly to current design. Architectural designs are distancing from dictation from architects and leaders of the organization (Giachetti 2016, p.23). The users are given opportunity to state the kind of design they expect to have for their work spaces. It has changed how employees are empowered and elevated to define the nature of work space that supports their ambitions and needs (Lifschutz 2017, p.34). The current architectural designs have become a cutting edge in integrating employee and organizational cultures, ambitions in supporting work space designs that are mutually suitable. Architectural work space configurations and employee working behaviors Private offices are examples of office space designs that architectures design for office use. Private office workplaces offer the largest amount of security of all office conditions. Private offices workplaces likewise furnish representatives with spots to privately hold meetings and have their own particular conferences with colleagues. In many work environments, private office workplaces exist however restricted to abnormal state administrations. It is very costly to have a private office spaces for each worker (Deasy, Newell, Mware 2015, p.45). In any case, offering private office workspaces for representatives to share can go far in consuming resources. As per The Washington Post, around 70 percent of U.S. workplaces take after the open office organize with no or little segments. The beginning of this office space designs absolutely originated from the technology organizations in Silicon Valley, which gloat that open office designs offer unparalleled connection and straightforwardness (Sailer, Pomeroy Haslem 2015, p.253). What started on the West Coast spread the nation over and into organizations in all businesses. While these office floor designs help expand organization space at bring down costs, they can contribute significantly to profitability. The cubicles are example of office space designs configurations where smaller partitions are created to lessen the open spaces created in an open layout office. It is a cost effective method of creating offices and architecturally they were developed from open office plan layouts. They possess numerous drawbacks; employees under the cubicles noise is still a concern, visual distractions is another problem, and another problem is normal movement can be a major disruptions (Hatch 2017, p.132). Certain cubicles are made more attractive by designing meeting points for the employees to breakdown the monotony of open cubicles. Co-working space is a type office space designs configurations applied by architectures. The designs bring diverse groups of workers, professionals in a shared environment. A study by Harvard review shows that employees in co-working spaces are successful than those found in regular offices. The co-working spaces are available to employees at all times (Ching, Binggeli 2018 p.45). They contain numerous working spaces that employees can share tables, resources and share ideas effectively. Challenges facing architectural technology in redesigning work spaces The changing social behaviors and organizational intentions has become a challenge that is contributing to how work space is designed. Architects and designs are largely affected because they need to follow social patterns which are dynamic. Balancing between innovation and design flexibility is another challenge for architects and designers. Organizations are focused on developing work spaces that are flexible to the current and future needs which is challenging. Flexibility requires thinking through all aspects of design, available resources, technology used, current and future needs. The demand for flexibility has made architectural technology in development of work spaces a complex endeavor (Wyoma VanDuinkerken Karen MacDonald 2013, p.248). The changing work pattern and policies for organizations is another challenge to architects and designers. The rate in which changes are done in organization and global changes makes organizations to review their designs for work spaces. A number of architects are complaining over the highly curtailed life of architectural technology designs for work stations. Another challenge is that in collaborative architectural technology designs for work spaces require sectors to communicate effectively on tacit information (Duffy, Cave Worthington 2016, p.45). But the information is found to be undocumented, unstructured, and more experiential that require rich communication techniques. The state and government policies that change town mapping and designs contribute to reshuffling of work space, changing of designs and arrangement of work spaces becomes an occasional challenge for architectural technology designers. Reference lists Chapell, D., Dunn, M., 2015. The design and architect in practice. John Wiley Sons. Ching, F., and Binggeli, C., (2018). Interior and exterior design illustrated. John Wiley Sons. Deasy, S., and Newell, C., VMware., 2015.Architectural method and system for developing workspace applications in work environments, U.S. Patent 9,087,191 Duffy, F., Cave, C. Worthington, J., 2016.Planning for office space and work places, Elsevier Giachetti, R., 2016.Design of enterprise systems: Theory, architecture, and methods. CRC Press Hatch, M., 2017. The symbolic of office design: an empirical exploration. InSymbols and artifacts(pp. 129-146). Routledge. Latham, D., 2016.Creative Reuse of Buildings: Volume One. Routledge. Lifschutz, A., 2017.Loose-fit Architecture: Designing Buildings for Change(Vol. 87, No. 5). John Wiley Sons. Myerson, J., Bichard, J., 2016.New demographics new workspace: Office design for the changing workforce. Routledge. Ording, B., and Louch, J., Apple Inc, 2017.Changing a virtual workspace based on user interaction with an application window in a user interface. U.S. Patent 9,658,732. Sailer, K., Pomeroy, R., and Haslem, R., 2015. Data-driven design data on human behavior and spatial configuration informing the better workplace design.Corporate Real Estate Journal,4(3), pp.249-262. Wyoma VanDuinkerken and Karen MacDonald., 2013. Challenges facing redesigning staff work space. A volumeinChandos Information Professional Series, Vol.3 (5), pages 147162.

Photosynthesis Coursework Essay Example

Photosynthesis Coursework Essay The aim of my experiment was to determine whether or not the intensity of light would affect the rate of photosynthesis in a plant. To do this, I placed a piece of Canadian pondweed in varying light intensities, and observed the amount of oxygen being given off. I used Canadian pondweed because of its unusual quality of giving off bubbles of gas from a cut end, when placed in water.IntroductionPhotosynthesis occurs only in the presence of light, and takes place in the chloroplasts of green plant cells. Photosynthesis can be defined as the production of simple sugars from carbon dioxide and water causing the release of sugar and oxygen. The chemical equation for photosynthesis can be expressed as:(light)6CO2 + 6H2O à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ C6H12O6 + 6O2 (in the presence of chlorophyll)The fact that all plants need light in order to photosynthesise has been proven many times in experiments, and so it is possible to say that without light, the plant would die. The reason that light intensity does a ffect the rate of photosynthesis is because as light, and therefore energy, falls on the chloroplasts in a leaf, it is trapped by the chlorophyll, which then makes the energy available for chemical reactions in the plant. Thus, as the amount of sunlight, or in this case light from a bulb, falls on the plant, more energy is absorbed, so more energy is available for the chemical reactions, and so more photosynthesis takes place in a given time. There are many factors, which affect the rate of photosynthesis, including light intensity, temperature and carbon dioxide concentration. The maximum rate of photosynthesis will be constrained by a limiting factor. This factor will prevent the rate of photosynthesis from rising above a certain level, even if the other conditions needed for photosynthesis are improved. It will therefore be necessary to control these factors throughout the experiment so as not to let them affect the integrity of my investigation into the effect of light intensity .PredictionsI predicted that as the intensity of light increased, so would the rate of photosynthesis. Furthermore, I hypothesised that if the light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis will increase at a proportional rate until a certain level is reached, and the rate of increase will then go down. Eventually, a level will be reached where an increase in light intensity will have no further effect on the rate of photosynthesis, as there will be another limiting factor, in this case probably temperature.Preliminary workInitially, to ascertain a suitable range of distances at which to record results for my experiment, I did a preliminary investigation in which I recorded the number of bubbles of oxygen given off in a given time at various light intensities. To alter the light intensity, I placed a lamp at various distances from the plant. I also therefore needed a way of accurately measuring the light intensity, and I did this using a photometer. I recorded the lux reading (unit of light intensity) at each distance. I got the following results:Results of preliminary experimentDistanceLight intensityNo. Bubbles(cms)(lux)4555124080123511013301491425208162031018155902010945215101521Although this is a very quick, simple and efficient way of obtaining an idea of the trends for the graph, and the boundaries for the measurements, this experiment was not in itself in my opinion accurate enough to be the basis of my main experiment. This lack of accuracy was mainly due to the fact that by simply counting the bubbles, I was relying on each bubble being exactly the same size, which they clearly were not. The preliminary experiment will, however, give me a best fit curve to which I can compare my main graph, and also points at either end of my results at which it is clear to see light intensity has little or no effect. Here, it was in fact at a light intensity of around 950 when it seems that another factor such as temperature or carbon dioxide concentration has become a limiting factor. In my main experiment therefore, it will not be necessary to take readings above this point. It also shows that while my outer limits are justified, it would be better to take more readings between the distances of 10 and 20 centimetres, as the distance between the points is large at this point, and so I have decided to take readings at the following distances: 5, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45, cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s.MethodInput variables à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ light intensity is to be varied by increasing and decreasing the distance from the light source to the plantOutput variables à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ volume of oxygen produced (rate of photosynthesis) is to be measured by finding the volume of oxygen produced in a minute, and thus finding the rate of photosynthesisControl variables à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Light wavelength (colour) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ light energy is absorbed by the pigment, chlorophyll, in the leaf. Chlorophyll easily absorbs blue light, in the 400-450 nm range, a nd also easily absorbs red light, in the 650-700 nm range. However it does not easily absorb green or yellow light, rather it reflects them, decreasing the amount of light absorbed, and therefore the rate of photosynthesis. This can easily be controlled, simply by using the same lamp throughout the experiment.Carbon dioxide concentration à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ This can affect the rate of photosynthesis, since if there is too little CO2, it can become the limiting factor, thus impeding the viability of the experiment. In this case, as long as the experiment is done over a short period of time, the amount of carbon dioxide used up by the plant will not be sufficient enough to cause the carbon dioxide concentration to become the limiting factor. If my experiment were to be performed over a longer period of time, for instance 24 hours, I would add a fixed amount of Sodium hydrogen carbonate to the water, thus ensuring a large enough supply of carbon dioxide.Water availability à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ water i s also required in the photosynthesis reaction, and when it is lacking, the plantsà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ stomata close to prevent further water loss. This closing of the stomata cells also leads to little carbon dioxide being able to diffuse through. Clearly, in a water plant, like the pondweed, as long as the plant is fully submerged in water at all times, this will not be a problem.Temperature à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Enzymes are used in the photosynthesis reactions of a plant. Therefore, temperature will increase the rate of photosynthesis, until a point at which the enzymes denature. Although performing the experiment at a temperature slightly higher than room temperature, perhaps 25à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C, would have a positive effect on the accuracy of the readings I took, as it would reduce the percentage error, by increasing the volumes, I decided that the inaccuracy of maintaining a constant temperature would outweigh any advantages. I am therefore going to perform the experiment at room temperature, chec king the temperature frequently, in case the heat given off from the light should slightly raise the temperature, in which case I shall simply refill the beaker with more water after each experiment.MethodApparatus listDesk lampAudus apparatusCanadian pond weedKnifeClampPond waterThermometerTest-tubeBeakerCold waterStopwatchCut a stem of Canadian pondweed of about 3cm in length. Fill a test-tube with pond water, and place it in a clamp, and then in a large beaker of cold water. Connect the end of the pondweed to the Audus apparatus. Insert a thermometer into the beaker, and record the temperature at the beginning and end of each experiment, merely as a precaution against a significant rise in temperature, which is not expected. Set up a lamp at a set distance from the plant, ensuring that this distance is from the filament of the lamp to the actual pondweed, rather than the edge of the beaker. The light intensity was measured in the same way as described in the preliminary experimen t, and assumed to be the same at any point at any particular distance. When bubbles are being produced at a steady rate, clear any previous bubbles from the tubing by moving the syringe. Start the stopwatch, and wait for 1 minute. Move the bubbles, which have been collected at the bend in the tubing to the part of the tube with a scale. Find the length of the bubble collected. Repeat for all other readings, and then repeat all readings a second time to get an average result for each distance.Audus apparatusUsing the described method, I found the following results:Results for main experimentDistanceLight intensitylength 1length 2average length(cm)(lux)(mm)(mm)(mm)510153.53.53.5109453.53.53.512770433.5146393.53.53.51650033.53.25183953332031023.52.75252081.52.51.75301491.51.51.53511011140800.510.75455500.50.25Although, because I was using light intensity as my variable, I did not need to record the distances as well, I did, simply to use them as a marker for each result, so that I only had to record the light intensity once at the beginning and from then I just had to align the lamp at the correct distance each time.AnalysisMy graph was in the form of a best-fit curve. I drew it as a curve rather than a straight line because of the clear pattern of the points. This meant that the rate of photosynthesis increased as the light intensity increased. This was because photosynthesis is a reaction, which needs energy from light to work, so as the amount of energy available from light increased with the rise in light intensity, so did the amount of oxygen produced as a product of photosynthesis.My graphs showed that the relationship between the light intensity and the rate of photosynthesis was non-linear, as both graphs produced a best-fit curve. However, as I expected in my hypothesis, it does appear that for the very first part of the graph, the increase in rate is in fact proportional to the increase in light intensity (i.e. a straight line) and I can show this by ta king some readings from the graph:Light intensity Rate of photosynthesis(All increase by the 100 1 (mm/min)same factor) 150 1.5 (mm/min)200 2 (mm/min)From these results, I am able to say that an increase in light intensity does certainly increase the rate of photosynthesis. The gradual decrease in the rate of increase of the rate of photosynthesis (the shallowing of the curve) can be attributed to the other factors limiting the rate of photosynthesis. As light intensity increases, the photosynthetic rate is being limited by certain factors, such as carbon dioxide and temperature. These factors do not immediately limit the rate of photosynthesis, but rather gradually. As light intensity increases further, so the rate of photosynthesis is being limited by other factors more and more, until the rate of photosynthesis is constant, and so is almost certainly limited in full by another factor.Overall, both graphs and my results support my predictions fully. My idea that the rate of photos ynthesis would increase with light intensity was comprehensively backed up by my results. This is because a higher light intensity involves a greater level of light energy, which can then be transferred to a special protein environment designed to convert the energy. Here, the energy of a photon is used to transfer electrons from one chlorophyll pigment to the next. When enough energy has been gathered at a reaction centre, ATP can be synthesised from ADP. The oxygen collected in the experiment is in fact the by-product of this reaction, and so it is clear to see that the more light energy, the more ADP is being converted into ATP and more oxygen is produced as a result.EvaluationAlthough I feel that my experiment was sound overall, I thought there were many points at which the accuracy was not perfect. As I have already stated, my preliminary experiment was not accurate enough to justify being used as my main experiment, mostly due to the fact that I was relying on all the bubbles being the same size, which they clearly werenà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½t, however many of the smaller inaccuracies also apply to my main experiment.Firstly, the distance between the light sources and the Canadian Pondweed were not measured to a very high degree of accuracy, especially when you note the fact that the distance should have been measured exactly from the filament of the light bulb to the centre of the plant, and it is possible here to find a percentage error. I estimate that the error could have been up to 0.5cm and I will find the percentage error for the largest and smallest reading using this estimate:Percentage error = possible inaccuracytotal reading% error distance10 5cm1 50cmIt is clear to see that the percentage error is much less for the larger distances. Although I was not actually using the distances as part of my results, I used them as a marker for where the lamp was placed each time, as I assumed that the light intensity would be the same each time at a particular dista nce. Therefore, any inaccuracies in measuring the distances, i.e. if a distance was slightly different when doing the actual experiment from the distance at which I earlier measured the light intensity, an error would ensue.The second major inaccuracy was in measuring the volume of oxygen given off.When reading the syringe there could have been an error of 0.25mm, and again it is possible to find a percentage error.% error volume3.57 7ml50 0.5mlFor the smallest volumes this is clearly a massive error, and to improve this, it would be necessary to do the readings over a longer period of time, therefore increasing the volumes, and in turn reducing the percentage errors.Another error would have been due to background light in the vicinity. We tried to reduce this error by closing all blinds in the laboratory, but due to practical reasons, we could not all perform the experiment in a separate room, and we therefore experienced light pollution from other studentà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s experiments. This would have had a very marginal effect on my results as a whole, but to eliminate this problem completely, it would have been necessary to perform the experiment in a totally dark room.A further inaccuracy was in the heat generated by the lamp. As I have earlier described, temperature has a very noticeable effect on the rate of photosynthesis, and so any increase in the temperature of the pond water would have had serious effects on the accuracy of my results. To ensure this did not happen, I monitored the temperature of the water before and after every reading, to check that the temperature did in fact not rise. It turned out not to be a problem, as over the short period of time taken by my experimental readings, the temperature did not rise at all. However, if I were to extend the time of my experiment to 5 minutes for each reading for example, which would have the effect of reducing other percentage errors, I would have to find some way of keeping the temperature constant. O ne way of doing this would be to place a perspex block between the lamp and the plant, which would absorb most of the heat, while allowing the light energy to pass through.As I mentioned in my planning, carbon dioxide concentration could have been an error in the experiment, however, I feel that due to the short period of time taken, there is very little chance that the concentration would ever have been so low as to have become the limiting factor. Again if I were to carry out the experiment over a longer time period, it would have been necessary to add sodium hydrogen carbonate to the water to increase the carbon dioxide concentrations.The last inaccuracy, though a small one, was in the time keeping. The main problem here was in when to begin the minute. If for one reading, the minute was started just after one bubble had been produced, and in another reading it was just before, this could have had a negative effect on the accuracy of my results. I therefore ensured that in each c ase I started the stopwatch just after a bubble had been produced, thus heightening the accuracy.Overall, I felt that due to the small volumes of oxygen involved, my experiment was not as accurate as it could have been, however I believe it was accurate enough to support and justify my hypotheses. Improvements could have been made as I have stated, mainly by simply increasing the time taken. However, due to practical time constraints in taking the readings for my investigation, and some consequential problems relating to time extension, I could not in fact make these adjustments. The other obvious way of increasing the reliability of my results would be to take many repeat readings and find an average.To extend my enquiries into the rate of photosynthesis, I could perhaps try to link in some of the other limiting factors to the same experiment, as well as investigating them in their own right. It could also be interesting to explore the effects of coloured lights on the rate of phot osynthesis, which could lead to the question of whether or not other types of light, such as fluorescent lights or halogen lights, would have a different effect on the rate of photosynthes

Did Truman simply want the black vote Essay Example

Did Truman simply want the black vote Essay When Harry Truman came to power in 1945 his policies were very much associated with black civil rights, in this assignment we must establish whether he simply just wanted the black vote or whether there were underlying reasons for his association and his appealing to the black voters. Truman was born and raised in the state of Missouri which had a large white population and a small black population, it would have been unusual for Harry Truman not to be a racist. The environment he grew up in was very racist and his own ancestors had owned slaves, many of the blacks in the state of Missouri were also previously slaves. Previous to 1944 Truman did not need the black vote to win, no need to court the black vote. Roosevelt in 1944 was looking for a vice president, Truman got the position and for the first time had to appeal to the whole of the USA, therefore he had to court the black vote. It was possibly the first time that the black vote actually accounted for something (franchisement- the right to vote). We will write a custom essay sample on Did Truman simply want the black vote specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Did Truman simply want the black vote specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Did Truman simply want the black vote specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Then in 1945 when President Roosevelt died, Truman became president, at first he was not helpful to blacks. In 1948 the presidential election was held and it was then that Truman really pushed his civil rights policies, possibly to win the black vote. To win the election he needed to secure at least 270 votes. There are 538 votes in the Electoral College and the candidate who wins the vote in each state receives all of the electoral votes assigned to that state. Each state has a number of Electoral College votes equal to the number of senators it has plus the number of members of the House of Representatives it has (which is dependant upon the population of the state). New York, Illinois and Michigan were the three most important (northern) states in the election process because they had a large black population. It was these three black communities which Truman needed to convince to vote for him, in order for him to become president, they were the deciding states as it were. His rival was Strom Thurmond a republican, who was an overt racist whereas Truman was a democrat. His plan was flaw proof, by offering civil rights to the blacks in the Dixie-southern states and those in the two most important northern states would win him the presidency. This action shows the great influence that Trumans policies had on the black voters. It cannot be argued that in no means can it possibly be due to his need for the black vote, the fact is it was to do with votes. In the election Truman carried an unprecedented two-thirds of the black vote. He did however lose the Dixiecrat vote, which was probably significantly as large as the black vote. However this does not entirely explain his support for civil rights, there were a number of other factors which played a part in his support. In 1945 the cold war took place, an ideological conflict between the USA and the USSR followed. Both super powers were involved in a global power struggle and both had the potential to control the entire world. The USA believed the whole world should adopt their capitalist system and at the same time the USSR believed the world should adopt their communist system. In 1945 the USSR and Mongolia were both communist run countries but between 1945 and 1948 Poland, Czechoslovakia, Eastern Germany, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Yugoslavia and China were a new list of countries that Russia had liberated forced to become communist, in the global power struggle. Americans became terrified that the world would become communist and that they would be swamped. Americans did not want to be part of a communist country because it would mean all their wealth would have to be shared, industry would be state-owned not privately owned and elections would be a one-party dictatorship with all candidates belonging to the communist party. The Americans embarked upon a red witch hunt an attack on all communist countries. Truman firmly believed that equality was vital in maintaining Americas moral standing in the Cold War world. So Truman may have been eager to gain equality for all Americans, to stand tall against the USSR, in the global power struggle. Truman may have also been backing black civil rights for the sole reason to protect the Americans national reputation conscience, he believed that there should be an end to lynching, the poll tax and inequality in education and employment. It was clear that he was motivated by the desire to do what was best for America, alongside the other factors which contributed to his policies. Truman was a racist but tried to be fair. He did not seek social equality for blacks but he wanted legal equality, which he saw as a black mans basic right, because he is a human being and a natural born American. It was clear he was still representing the Missouri voters. He was especially horrified by the attacks on black servicemen returning from World War II, the worst occurred in the Deep South where Negro soldiers had just returned from overseas and were dumped out of army trucks in Missouri and beaten Truman remarked that these stories turned his stomach. His opinion on education for blacks was that if they were better educated that it would benefit the economy and in turn help all Americans, he told black democrats of this belief. His ideas were deliberately misrepresented. His advocacy for equality of opportunity was interpreted as miscegenation and integration, which was unprecedented. Integrated political meetings, which he conducted in southern states, caused serious violence. Idealism was an important element in his actions, this was seen when he put his life on the line. When The Ku Klux Klan surrounded a several thousand strong crowd, at a meeting but dared not attack because 100 armed blacks stood alongside them. Truman recognised that regardless of race the respect for the law was at sake. In the case of a white person being violent towards a black person, in whom they were not punished led to the belief and idea that the law was more lenient on the white community. Therefore it was likely that the whites would abuse the law and lose all respect for it. Also those whites, who saw little help for those black people being attacked, would lose their trust in the law to support them in times of need. The nation would lose pride in their justice system. However, privately Truman would still refer to blacks as niggers, his sister even claimed that Harry is no more for nigger equality than any of us. This paints a different picture to how he was regarded by his public. The question being analysed has a very open ended answer, as it is quite possible that President Truman was motivated by the black vote, respect for the law, humane repugnance at racist attacks, personal veracity and his insight into what was good for his country at the time and its proclaimed leadership of the free world against communism, which veered Truman toward support of greater equality for blacks. However, ultimately he supported civil rights so strongly, it could be claimed that it was simply to win the black vote and as a result gain power of the country that he had been brought up in. the definitive reward, which he longed for, a famous name all around the world and a place in history. Still there remains to be strong enough evidence to prove that Trumans motivation was not purely political. Therefore Trumans association with black civil rights was not totally motivated by his want for the black vote but as a result of a combination of reasons.

girl friends and guy friends essays

girl friends and guy friends essays Its a Friday night and youve got nothing to do. Maybe you feel like relaxing on the couch at home. Maybe you want to watch a movie, or even get dinner with a friend. But which friend? A guy friend or a girl friend? This is where the decision becomes crucial. It all depends on what kind of mood youre in. You may be asking yourself, Why would my mood affect whether I call a girl friend or a guy friend? The answer to this is that girl friends and guy friends, while both obviously friends, are completely different beings, different species even. Both are friends, but could not be more opposite in conversations or actions. Because of the way they function in social situations, girl friends and guy friends are like polar opposites. Lets say a girl and a guy friend, well call them Jenna and Fred, go to the mall to look around, you know, for something to do. At the mall, Jenna sees a pair of pants she wants to try on. So she tries them on and walks out to ask Fred for his opinion. Well, theyre kind of tight on your legs. They make you look sorta thick, you know? Brutally honest. The first, and maybe most predominate, trait of the guy friend. Almost offensive, but in actuality its one of his strongest and most reliable characteristics. To be extremely forward, honest, and not take the energy to sugarcoat the truth. On the other end of the spectrum we have a girl friend, who when asked about how Jennas pants look, would say something like, Oh, those are really cute. They look good in the waist. What size are those? The girl friend dodges the trouble area. She avoids the truth, and changes the subject at all costs. She would rather lie than insult her friend. This is where the girl friend differs from the guy friend, because she would rather spare her friends feelings than have her be fully infor ...

Financial reporting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial reporting - Assignment Example rganization is not to simply promote its very own business and increase the ultimate goal of profit figures but, on the other hand, these organization also acknowledges their secondary responsibility towards its society people and environmental affects. The primary purpose of conducting various CSER activities by Company is the clear acknowledgement on the part of the Company that they do care about its society, their peoples, and environment and therefore, is consistently working on the promotion of various subjects of the society including, literature, sports, health, safety and others. CSER involve in incurring some short-term expenses and costs for the organization that do not also provide an instant financial benefit to the business, but instead it provides some qualitative return to the business in the long run. The activities of CSER widely promote many positive and beneficial transformations into the society and environment, in which the organization is performing their operations. With the help of CSER report, the ultimate aim of the business is to signify towards the society that they are the organization which have strict regulations and controls over the various business evils, including, Frauds, Bribery, Political influences and gifts, conflict of interests, compromise of independence issues, tax evasion, unethical business practice, unfair competitive activities, lack of confidentiality of business information and acumen, harassment of human rights and values, discrimination and many others, depending on the structure and needs of the organization. Through, CSER, business organization also wants demonstrate they strictly follow health and safety measures, its code of conduct, regulatory guidelines and are continually striving for improvement in order to accrue lesser and lesser damage to physical environment and nature. ABF Plc’s Corporate Responsibility Report clearly demonstrates that how much importance they are actually giving to the area

Personal Leadership Evaluation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Personal Leadership Evaluation - Research Paper Example It seems clear that to some extent individuals can take a broad overview of their leadership qualities, and work to develop responses to the various strengths and weaknesses that are identified. This essay functions to evaluate my current leadership effectiveness. Specifically, the essay includes a review of who I as a leader need to be, what I as a leader need to know, and what I as a leader need to do. In examining who I as a leader need to be, I recognize that there are a variety of elements that must be considered. While I have not entirely decided on my career path, I recognize that I would like to pursue a path related to businesses and organizations. Even as these categorical distinctions involve a wide variety of elements, it’s clear there are a number of universal principles that underline all aspects of leadership. One of the important texts in articulating essential aspects of leadership is Maxwell (2007)’s The 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership. In this text Maxwell articulates a number of notions of effective leadership, as well as means of developing these qualities so the reader can attain more effective leadership qualities. In terms of my own leadership, I recognize there are a number of areas of leadership I would like to be as a means of achieving more effectiveness in my chosen career path. One of the important notions of leadership that Maxwell establishes is the understanding that the leader does not simply lead the ship, but the leader charts the course. The text gives an example of a historic trip to the Arctic. The trip was made by two separate groups – one headed by Robert Falcon Scott and one headed by Roald Amundsen. While Scott haphazardly planned for the excursion, Amundsen took great pains to research the terrain and the various environmental conditions. As one might expect, Scott’s trip was a failure and Amundsen’s trip was a success. The underlining principles in this is that successful leaders will not simply follow a set path and expect individuals to simply follow their lead, but will instead by the individuals that foreground that path that will be traversed. When considering the type of leader that I want to be, I am greatly influenced by the notion of charting a course rather than simply leading. In these regards, I would like to lead through example in a leadership model that does not simply follow the structural constraints of an organization, but readily defines these constraints through innovation, creativity, and development. When I consider contemporary examples of the type of leadership that I hope to achieve I consider individuals such as Steve Jobs and Bill Gates. While traditional notions of leadership present a charismatic figure such as John F. Kennedy or Barack Obama who are able to garner followers and support through rhetoric and charm, I increasingly find myself embracing a different incarnation of leadership. I believe that while charismatic leadersh ip is effective, leaders can also be effective through the demonstration of creativity and innovation. For instance, Steve Jobs has garnered incredible support and esteem through his management of Apple, Inc. By most objective standards Jobs does not exhibit the charismatic elements, but is able to retain respect and influence through his strong and innovative corporate approach. Steve Jobs has soundly demonstrated that effective leaders navigate rather than simply lead. In terms of my own leadership, I hope to be able to

NEC Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

NEC - Assignment Example hnology and specialization advanced rapidly, it became more difficult for companies to harness all necessary technologies through their own R&D activities. Consequently they were forming strategic alliances with other firms, laboratories and universities that held competitive edge technologically (Mark 1987). There were several proposed sites for NEC including Boston, Palo Alto and Princeton. Shinoda and Kahng believed it was necessary to establish the laboratory at a relatively quiet place and thus it was conducive to establish the site in Princeton. The closeness of Princeton to Europe was significant for constant communication to the headquarters in Europe. It was essential for NEC to move out of Europe in order to diversify its market and exploit new markets in the globe. Princeton was a strategic position for the development of the company owing to the accessibility of resources. The region having other scientific institutions such as the Bell Laboratories, the IBM Research Institute, and the SRI Institute would facilitate NES with new knowledge that would be essential in establishing of a successful achievement of set objectives. Princeton would also be a convenient place to do collaborative research; this is because of the easy access to universities such as the Princeton University, Columbia University and Yale University. These Universities would greatly help in carrying out research for the firm. I think locating the industry in a region that has other firms already established would be essential for ease in access by clients because clients are already aware of the company’s location. The competition by other similar firm would greatly assist the firm to borrow and make reasonable improvements. Many companies tend to focus on both research and development activities all together; this is not the case with NEC. NEC prefers to entirely focus on research activities alone in the international research center; this decision is accompanied with a number

What Is a City?

What Is a City? What properties characterizes a ‘city? The definition of the term â€Å"city† is some what ambiguous. Our modern definition merely describes the physical characteristics of a city. However, I believe the definition has passed many ordeals to evolve into the current state as I will explain the few more popular explanations for â€Å"What is a city?† Firstly, a city has the property of proximity where there are educational institutions, entertainment, medical facilities, friends and family etc with a good infrastructure system. Businesses enterprises will often situate themselves in a centralized hub where they have access to labour forces while being close to markets therefore it makes â€Å"daily commuting between residences and workplaces† (Filion Bunting, 2006, pg.5) possible. Mumford, on the other hand describes a city as a â€Å"geographic plexus, an economic organization, an institutional process, a theatre of social action, and an aesthetic symbol of collective unity† (Mumford, 2007, pg.87) by focussing on the social needs rather than physical structure. This means that art, politics, education, commerce only serves to make the â€Å"drama more richly significant, as a stage-set, well-designed, intensifies and underlines the gestures of the actors and the action of the play† (Mumford, 2007, pg.87). Contrasting Mumfords concept with Wirths, one observes a more focused perspective on urbanism and its effect on our quality of life. Wirth defines a city â€Å"as a relatively large, dense, and permanent settlement of socially heterogeneous individuals† (Wirth, 2007, pg.90). His argument is that the greater the number of individuals participating in a interaction process, the greater the potential differentiation is between them. These variations segregate individuals according to color, race, ethnic, social status and preferences. Although we are physically close, our social contacts are distant, which results in the declining significance of the family; the disappearance of the neighborhood and the undermining of the traditional basis of social solidarity. After much consultation from scholars, the question: â€Å"What is a City?† is still difficult to answer. On basic observation, a city can simply be a workplace as suggested by Filion Bunting. However I believe a city is a much more complex combination of hierarchies, both the physically and the socially, as Mumford and Wirth stated. A city is the organized interconnection between the site and structure and its people. Such as, the city needs a water system, different variety of jobs to offer its people, a governing system but these systems cannot operate without the people its accommodating, which is how it all connects and flows like a stage with its actors just like in Mumfords ‘theatre. The city is a mere constitution of the people who reside in it. It is only a city, as long as its residence will give the name and credibility in the social and physical hierarchy. Work Cited Bunting, Trudi. â€Å"Canadian Cities in Transition†, Third Edition. Canada: Oxford, 2006. Mumford, Lewis â€Å"What is a City?† In The City Reader, Fourth Edition, eds. R. Legates and F. Stout, 85-89. London: Routledge, 2007. Wirth, Louis â€Å"Urbanism as a Way of Life.† In The City Reader, Fourth Edition, eds. R. Legates and F. Stout, 90-97. London: Routledge, 2007.

Performance Appraisal Essay

Performance Appraisal is a formal management system that provides for the evaluation of the quality of an individual’s performance in an organization, and is usually prepared by the employee’s immediate supervisor, and the procedure typically requires the supervisor to fill out a standardized assessment form that evaluates the individual on several different dimensions and then discusses the result of the evaluation to the employee (Grote, 2002). According to Grote, too often, performance appraisal is seen merely as a once-a-year drill mandated by the personnel department, but in organizations that take performance appraisal seriously and use the system well, it is used as an ongoing process and not merely as an annual event. To obtain the best information possible if performance appraisal data must be used, four phase model of performance appraisal must be used, and these are through, performance planning, performance execution, and performance review. In performance planning, this is usually set at the beginning of the year, the manager and individual get together for a performance-planning meeting in which they discuss what a person will achieve over the next 12 months. In the performance execution, the manager provides coaching and feedback to the individuals to increase the probability of success and creates the condition that motivate and resolves any performance problems that arise and in the midway through the year, they meet to review the individual’s performance thus far against the plans and goals that they discussed in the performance planning meeting (Grote, 2002). In performance assessment, the manager reflects on how well the subordinate has performed over the course of the year, assembles the various forms of paperwork that the organization provides to make this assessment, and fills them out, and the manager also recommend a change in individual’s compensation based on the quality of the individuals work (Grote, 2002). The completed assessment form is then reviewed and approved by the appraiser’s boss, department head, or the compensation manager. In performance review, the manager and the subordinate meet, usually about an hour, and they review the appraisal form that the manager has written and talked about how well the person performed over the past 12 months, and at the end of the review meeting, they set a date to meet again to hold a performance-planning discussion for the next 12 months, at which point the performance management process anew (Grote, 2002). Self-ratings fit to this approach in the way that, it is needed by the manager in the performance assessment to be able to fully evaluate the employee.

A critical analysis of an event contemporary issue

Abstract This paper provides an exploration of branding as interrelated to event management and experiential marketing. Different concepts and ideas are investigated in order to provide a relevant understanding of how adequate branding initiatives can impact future event management decisions. The relationship between brands and customers is emphasised throughout the paper in an attempt to focus on the importance of creating a personalised brand experience to different individuals. Therefore, the paper argues that branding is a fundamental element of ensuring proper event management activities in the contemporary business context. Introduction It has been indicated that brands serve different functions. At the most basic level, brands represent specific markers for the offerings provided by companies. For consumers, brands are associated with simplification of choice, reducing risk and guaranteeing a high quality level. The process of making branding decisions and undertaking particular tasks is important part of events management (Caru and Cova 2007). Brand positioning provides a relevant direction for marketing activities and establishing competitive advantage. Research shows the close relationship between brands and customers. Brand relationship quality has emerged as multidimensional because it consists of different dimensions, including self-concept, commitment, interdependence, etc. (Kotler and Keller 2006). Branding has been linked with the importance of brand experience and experiential marketing. The objective of this paper is to explore the aspects of branding as linked to experiential marketing and how this impa cts future event management decisions. This paper will explore links between branding and experiential marketing from both academic and practical angles. It will also look at how these concepts affect future management decisions (Caru and Cova 2007). The main objective of this paper is to critically review the branding importance in event management and how it impacts event management’s core decisions, how branding adds value to event management by developing a strong brand identity and new methods of linking with contemporary markets and emerging audience needs (Keller and Lehmann 2006). It is important to explore what performance signs could increase its added value for event management. Furthermore, this study focuses on the specificity of event management in terms of investigating how different trends like branding, technology, social media and events can add value to event management and improve the components of event planning. The study also investigates the contribution of branding from the perspective of b rand management research (Kotler and Keller 2006). Strong branding strategy is an essential part of the overall business strategy, as currently many multi-national corporations and event organisers are facing different challenges of achieving a position to strengthen the brand. Specificity of Branding and Its Relevance to Event Management One of the meanings of branding is intangibility, which indicates that a brand is established on intangible relations and values, making brand performance hard to define and measure. There has not been a universal definition of brand management in the literature (Keller and Lehmann 2006). Brand management faces many challenges in the contemporary business world, as companies and consumers are experiencing more products and services. It has been suggested that a strong brand holds various associations and has the capability to shorten the consumer decision making process, reduces the company risk, and sets different expectations (Kotler and Keller 2006). Furthermore, it has been argued that branding plays the same role in event planning. It has been recommended that the power of a brand lies in what audiences have learned, experienced, observed, and listened about the brand as a result of their experiences through an event (Caru and Cova 2007). The strength of a brand mostly reflects in its perception by customers, and thus it is experiential in nature. Successful event management needs to understand how the brand strategy should be executed and communicated with event audiences and how audiences respond to it. Event management companies are expected to recognise the strength of branding and how it can connect with audiences. For instance, if organisations offer a valuable brand experience to customers, they will achieve a substantial competitive advantage. Businesses choose to take part to organise an event for various reasons (Crowther 2010). Small companies may want to experience what live branding can provide. Many large and multi-national corporations prefer face-to-face interaction through different events to receive a quick response. Whether small or large, event companies generally participate for many reasons, for example to strengthen branding and event awareness, generating leads, connecting with future and exist ing audiences and educating event attendees etc. The main reason for companies to participate in an event is to launch or strengthen their brand (Keller and Lehmann 2006). Event management allows the company to grow and express its particular distinctiveness directly. Through event planning, companies normally select the perfect venue to share their ideas, thoughts, and name in the most appropriate for their purposes manner they want to show to people. Companies have been noted for their commitment to support various initiatives that popularise the brands they offer (LeSalle and Britton 2003). Many businesses decide to arrange events based on the branding opportunity offered by the event. The use of different host events is useful to create and showcase the brand of their business, as these could be charitable events or certain volunteering activities. Hosting events also allow different companies to direct the attention of their business and to attract potential audiences, which are considered more cost efficient (Kotler and Keller 2006). Organisations constantly enhance the features of their brands through the improved process of event management. As a result, their customer base grows on a regular basis. Another significant reason companies choose to arrange and participate in an event is to show their potential through brand features and enhancing different methods to improve event management and to recognise a target audience. The introduction of branding initiatives is important for companies to connect more personally with their customers (Crowther 2010). Branding may lead to extensive customer engagement, with a chance for positive personal interaction that establishes loyalty. Furthermore, event managers know that companies can understand the biggest ROI from branding and by retaining and increasing new customers. The main challenge for companies is to gain the attention of their customers accompanied by the disruption of daily work. At events, companies enjoy the chance to increase their brand awareness and revenue by introducing to their audience different types of products or services they may be interested in (Caru and Cova 2007). Branding provides organisations with an opportunity to focus on improving customers’ personal experience of the brand. Accurately planned and implemented branding can generate a huge amount of revenue after the event has ended. In other words, companies increase th e impact of their event by giving audience a reason to share their experience with products and services. Brand management frequently faces many challenges in a highly competitive environment (Keller and Lehmann 2006). In the contemporary unpredictable markets it is particularly important for event managers to monitor attendees’ needs and involvement. The brand is considered an intangible asset that strengthens the value by its strong connection with the associations, ethics and drivers of the audience. Consumers attend events for different reasons, including educational, informative, entertainment, etc. These reasons are influential and have benefits in their own ways (Crowther 2010). The information provided to individuals through branding is important to understand the nature and applicability of different brands. For instance, customers may differentiate the useful characteristics of a particular electrical appliance over another one in the market. If customers attend events for educational or awareness purposes, the branding information should be presented properly and considered the key component of an event. When a company hosts an event, it expects to gain adequate control over the e vent’s branding information and the audience it wants to draw in (Keller and Lehmann 2006). Being in this position provides the company with the authority to define how it wants to be portrayed and what type of audience it wants to attract. If companies are attentive about targeting their attendees, the ROI (Return on Investment) will be accomplished and the audience would show their interest in the company and their brand. However, this is not always the case because customer targeting initiatives may not be successful. Companies have access to an audience that is exposed to their brand and message at every turn. Furthermore, attendees enthusiastically prefer to contribute their skills and expertise in the programs and activities companies tend to provide during the course of the event (Caru and Cova 2007). Branding can be a powerful tool to generate a competitive advantage. A definition of brand culture indicates a focus on a company’s culture in which employees consider the importance of specific brand values (Keller and Lehmann 2006). The brand culture concept helps companies realise why this is so important. Brand cultures are considered important for event management. Branding also refers to aspects of pre dictable knowledge and thus expands the dimensions of brand culture (Crowther 2010). Unless they can experience products and services or encounter exceptional brand stories through events, individuals are generally determined to support the taken-for-granted option to understand the brand. In addition to the aspects of taken-for-granted knowledge, there are two motives for this stability. Psychological research suggests that branding culture is strong because individuals are cognitive (Keller and Lehmann 2006). Sociological research (Keller and Lehmann 2006) also suggests that branding cultures are strong and reliable because brand cultures are collective by including many people and being expressed in a variety of contexts (talk, product experiences, advertisements, etc.). However, there are drawbacks to these studies because branding culture is multidimensional. It cannot be simply perceived as cognitive or collective in nature. Branding normally manages events, brand images, and associations through different marketing networks. Therefore, individuals need to adopt a holistic approach to understand the dimensions of brand management (Kotler and Keller 2006). Importance of Branding and Experience Marketing A particular definition of experience marketing is the introduction of particular marketing activities that are customer-oriented and create a strong connection with customers. Based on this perspective, customer experiences arise from various aspects to include in-store interactions, communication patterns and packaging (Kotler and Keller 2006). Such experiences also take place as a result of both online and offline marketing activities. Experience marketing is viewed as a consistent and systematic approach to measuring the way in which customers feel about the brand (LaSalle and Britton 2003). Thus, the experience concept is quite different from other customer constructs in the field of marketing. Likewise, experience as part of experience marketing is different from motivational and affective factors, such as brand attachment and involvement (Kotler and Keller 2006). Brand attachment usually evokes persistent customer emotions, while involvement shows the perceived significance and personal relevance of a particular brand. Experience in this sense does not emerge as an emotional relationship concept. One of the essential concepts of experience marketing is experiential value that is closely linked with the idea of strengthening consumer bonds in organisations. Undoubtedly, an experience is found to have a much more persistent impact than an exposure to certain products and services offered by companies (Forlizzi and Ford 2000). In this way, the experience marketing concept directly appeals to customers in the sense of helping them feel what it is like to be a part of a particular organisation. Relationships between Brands and Customers Nonetheless, the relationship between brands and customers has been revolutionised to a certain degree. The new marketing era is that of experience marketing, which focuses on providing consumers with a brand experience that adds value to their lives (Caru and Cova 2007). It has been indicated that providing a real experience to individuals is an important part of persuading them about the quality of the offered products. It could be argued that there is nothing genuine about the connections between commercial organisations and customers, rather that they are a way of extracting as much money as possible from them. Experience marketing may provide adequate evidence that marketing practices have continuously evolved in the past several decades, shifting from the focus from products to building strong customer relationships and brands. It is important that positive experiences of customers become institutionalised within the respective marketing system in order to deliver the essence o f a certain brand (Keller and Lehmann 2006). This indicates that there is no gap between the promise presented with the brand and the consequent brand delivery to customers. Personal experiences enable individuals with a relevant opportunity to make informed purchasing decisions. Therefore, an adequate customer experience is more likely to produce high satisfaction in individuals who aim to purchase certain products or services (Caru and Cova 2007). Marketing communication has been identified as an essential aspect in contemporary business sectors. Marketing communication methods include advertising, direct and indirect mail, leaflets, altering the product packaging and sales promotion (Addis and Holbrook 2001). These activities are promoted alongside marketing sponsorship, public relations, and scientific, digital and live brand experiences. Research indicates that selected marketing channels are incorporated with other organisational tools to increase the impact of this strategy and more successfully achieve marketing communication core objectives (Kotler and Keller 2006). The experiential marketing approach is focused on a two-way incorporation in real-time, a live brand experience and thus a considerable deeper consumer relationship process (Prahalad and Ramaswamy 2004). Live brand experiences are typically apparent in the shape of live marketing events that permit the consumer to live, respire and experience or feel the brand through interactive transmitted connections and actions. The actions are typically designed to include value to target audiences in their own atmosphere, during their ordinary existence (Caru and Cova 2007). However, live brand experiences are basically existent in two-way branded experiences. They can be uniformly successful across many interactive scientific technologies and policies that assist marketing communication between customers and brands in real time. For example, consumers can contribute in live brand experiences on television where the TV shows substance is fluid, and they participate and add their contribution in actual time (Keller and Lehmann 2006). Creating a Live Brand Experience Similarly, a live brand experience can be stimulated online in a practical way in order to target more customers. Research shows that live brand experiences are seldom taken part in alone and the sophisticated marketing management tends to incorporate experiential marketing with other marketing tools and techniques to utilise a broad collection of marketing channels (Kotler and Keller 2006). Marketing departments in various multinational corporations prefer to utilise each marketing channel to accomplish different organisational goals and objectives (Maghnati et al. 2012). Advertising is frequently implemented in experiential marketing to achieve brand awareness program and to increase and sustain recognition of the brand or product within big markets. Advertising is normally effective at raising brand awareness; however, it is expensive to implement at a proper level (Schmitt 2010). When used on a larger level in experiential marketing, advertising can have a low cost per thousand (CPT), although generally it is a costly tool and can generally only be used to affect leading brands that can manage to run large advertising campaigns. Digital marketing or E-marketing is one of the fastest growing marketing channels in the current technological era. Consumers are linking with various brands online more than ever before, and E-marketing can also be cost-effective marketing channel for promoting brands online and generating sales and revenue via digital marketing (Maghnati et al. 2012). Viral marketing is also a rising marketing discipline, which is part of the digital range: an effective viral campaign uses a word-of-web to promote brand awareness. However, these marketing channels usually work together; at present, they are delivering successful marketing campaigns internationally for global brands and small businesses equally. Though brands and companies gain benefit from using these marketing channels, marketing departments are searching for new ways to operate and use these channels l in order to connect with their target audiences in a deeper way (Obonyo 2011). The basic idea is to build strong relationships that create brand loyalty and brand sponsorship. Additionally, experiential marketing may transform consumers from shoppers into dependable individuals who perceive the brand in certain terms, and share their personality and core marketing message or features to their families, friends, colleagues and local communities (Schmitt 2010). Experiential marketing is method way of identifying, recognizing and satisfying customer demands or needs and ambitions, engaging them through two-way marketing communications that take brand personalities into real life and include value to the target audience (Maghnati et al. 2012). Research shows that experiential marketing is incorporated into specific methodologies, which always are connected with target audiences and add value through relevant and appropriate brand communication dimensions (Schmitt 2010). The methodology was sound and objective in reaching particular conclusions pertaining to experiential marketing. The experiential marketing movement was established around one concept, involving two-way marketing communication between the brand and the target audience in actual time. As a result, live brand experiences are considered to be the core feature of experiential marketing. Other marketing communications channels are also playing their role in the process (Schmitt 201 0). They are being selected and integrated to increase marketing channels, which strengthen the impact of the big marketing idea known as live brand experience (customer experience). Conclusion This paper has explored the aspects of branding and how they are related to experiential marketing. In addition, emphasis was placed on determining the impact of branding on future event management decisions. It has been suggested that experiential creativity is at least partly concerned with offering a shopping environment that is appropriate to the customers, which can encourage them to the purchasing process (Schmitt 2010). The paper has suggested that experiential marketing provides an adequate way to achieving strong relationships with customers who may have an opportunity to experience different brands in a personal way. Furthermore, experiential marketing is also focused on getting consumer feedback, judgments, thoughts, actions and connections (Kotler and Keller 2006). All these aspects contribute to define and design a live customer experience and thinking about marketing. Experiential marketing has modified the past marketing concept that only focused on customers and custo mer service. Just as branding culture is established collectively through the participation of customers in experiencing brands, dividing branding strategies into different parts is a collective or a single branding decision for companies. It depends on the decision of branding or marketing directors to use one branding strategy over another (Caru and Cova 2007). Powerful branding provides a competitive advantage in an event not only with respect to audiences but also in relation to different brand partners (Kotler and Keller 2006). The paper concluded that a well-built brand culture also provides the firm with considerable influence in configuring event policies and negotiating with other brands. References Addis, M. and Holbrook, M. (2001) ‘On the Conceptual Link between Mass Customisation and Experiential Consumption: An Explosion of Subjectivity’, Journal of Consumer Behavior, Vol. 1 pp 50-66 Caru, A. and Cova, B. (2007) Consuming Experience, London, Routledge Crowther, P. (2010) ‘Strategic Application of Events’, International Journal of Hospitality Management, Vol. 29(2) pp227-235 Forlizzi, J. and Ford, S. (2000) ‘The Building Blocks of Experience: An Early Framework for Interaction Designers’, Proceedings of the DIS 2000 Seminar, Communications of the ACM, pp 419-423 Keller, K. L. and Lehmann, D. R. (2006) ‘Brands and Branding: Research Findings and Future Priorities’, Marketing Science, Vol. 25(6) pp740-759 Kotler, P. J. and Keller, K. L. (2006) Marketing Management, New York, Pearson Prentice Hall LeSalle, D. and Britton, T. A. (2003) Priceless: Turning Ordinary Products into Extraordinary Experiences, Boston, Harvard Business School Press Maghnati, F., Ling, K. C. and Nasermoadeli, A. (2012) ‘Exploring the Relationship between Experiential Marketing and Experiential Value in the Smartphone Industry’, International Business Research, Vol. 5(11) pp169-177 Obonyo, M. (2011) ‘Experiential Marketing, Experiential Value, Purchase Behaviour and Customer Loyalty in the Telecoms Industry’, Dissertation. Makerere University Prahalad, C. K. and Ramaswamy, V. (2004) ‘Co-Creation Experiences: The Next Practice in Value Creation’, Journal of Interactive Marketing, Vol. 18(3) pp5-14 Schmitt, B. H. (2010) ‘Experience Marketing: Concepts, Frameworks and Consumer Insights’, Foundations and Trends in Marketing, Vol. 5(2) pp55-112

Supply Chain Management - Tasty Treats Example

Supply Chain Management Supply Chain Management What recommendations should Rachel make in her presentation to Tasty Treats senior management? Rachel should give advice that can help the business solve the challenge of how much stock to order from their suppliers. She should propose introduction of a system that gives Tasty Treats a real time analysis of stock levels. This would involve the introduction of computerized systems, such as QuickBooks, which provide an easy way of assessing stock levels. Such systems indicate the amount of stock at hand at any time, thus alerting the supply department of the need to make more orders when the stocks approach the reorder level. A just in time stock system would also minimize the levels of stocks that would lead to excessive holding costs. A reduction in holding costs minimizes the expenses of the business, which translates to a better bottom line, and more capital.The management of Tasty Treats faces a challenge of realizing the importance of high service levels, and Rachel should highli ght the integral role it plays in business. A high level of customer service, for instance, ensures that the business does not receive any stock outs, leading to customer satisfaction. Therefore, she should insist on Tasty Treat offering their customers impeccable service. Such service draws more customers to the business, thus increasing the average sales. An increase in sales would result in greater profits for the business. More to these, excellent customer service distinguishes an organization from competitors, leading to a competitive lead in the industry. Therefore, she should insist on a 99 percent service level for Tasty Treats.Tasty Treats faces a problem of not taking advantage of discounts offered by suppliers. If the business works at achieving a high customer service level, the company’s sales ought to increase. Consequent to these, Tasty Treats would be compelled to order more, thus take advantage of available discounts from suppliers. The discounts help in lowe ring the ordering costs, thus releasing substantial finances to other activities.

Recognizing Employee Contributions with Pay

Recognizing Employee Contributions with Pay Introduction Compensation presents one of the most preferable ways through which employee contributions are recognized. Compensation program s is evaluated based on various job responsibilities which are assigned specified monetary value. However, various forms of compensation are undertaken based on federal laws of which organization managers are expected to be familiar with.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Recognizing Employee Contributions with Pay specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Payment for individuals, groups or excellent performances are done in form of executive pay, incentive pay as well as balanced scorecard. Organizations compensate their workers through various incentives supported by their company objectives. However, incentive pay for executives within an organization is usually different from that of other employees hence requires special attention. Such incentives either long-term or short-term are ne cessary for the purposes of developing some sense of commitment within organization’s leadership and workforce (Noe et al., 2009). Review of the case Considering that Xcel is a company dealing with environmental issues, Merit pay may not work well with its strategy on improving operations at the lowest cost. According to the case study, merit raise, works best during hard economic times since it caters for high cost of living. At the same time there are always high possibilities of prevailing conditions to shrink available range of increases. Additionally, merit pay spread pay increment evenly across all employees hence rewarding poor performance on the same level as good performance. Such method may ultimately not concur with the company’s strategy on lowering costs since it is expensive (Fossum, 2002). Spreading the merit pay evenly across all employees may benefit those who lazy around and cause frustration to hardworking employees. Suggestions might at times look a ppropriate but might not work well in line with the company’s business objectives (Gerhart and Milkovich, 1990). To ensure that incentives work for the benefit of the company, they will require improvement within communication channel and at the same time increase level of employee participation. Xcel should incorporate employees in pay-related decision since there contributions at times reflect hands-on knowledge on kinds of behavior essential for organization improvement (Gowen, and Jennings, 1991).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Since Xcel focuses on being one of the most celebrated top utility facilities offering efficient services at low cost, there goals and performances should be based on cooperation. Applying such principles would make employees feel more concerned about changes and goals of the company. They will always be eager to put across their contributions. Improvement on merit pay system For improvement purposes the company can include profit-sharing plan within the pay system. This is because merit pay is more directly linked to individual behavior compared to profit sharing plan. This is capable of linking to the strategy since it assists in increasing employees’ commitment towards organizational goals. Additionally, Xcel can utilize the use of balanced scorecard which enables combination of performance measures towards organizational goals. This enables easy utilization of employees’ potential through customization of balanced scorecards which would clearly distinguish Xcel’s operations based on strategy (Gerhart and Milkovich, 1990). Extension of the stock plan to other low-level employees might also be good idea for progress. This is since stock ownership plan contributes towards creation of some sense of ownership within employees. It makes them feel part owners of the organization hence maki ng them to focus more on ideas contributing towards success of the company (Gerhart and Milkovich, 1990). Conclusion Organizations use various ways to reward employee performances and at the same time measure such performances in terms of profits and stock prices. Incentive pay presents one of the most notable ways of organizations use for the purposes of ensuring that employees focus on company’s success goals. Such incentives ensure that employees realign their activities towards organization’s goals. References Fossum, J. (2002). Labor Relation. New York: McGraw-Hill Gerhart, B, Milkovich, G. (1990). Organizational Differences in Managerial Compensation and Financial Performance. Academy of Management Journal 33 (1), 663–91.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Recognizing Employee Contributions with Pay specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Gowen, C, Jennings, S.(1991). The Effects of Changes in Par ticipation and Group Size on Gainsharing Success: A Case Study. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management 11 (1), 147–69. Noe, R., Hollenbeck, J., Gerhart, B., Wright, P. (2009). Fundamentals of human  Resource management, 3rd edition. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Job Application and Interview Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Job Application and Interview - Assignment Example In order to observe the advancements in the recruitment procedures, this paper will undertake to elaborate upon the typical job application and interview processes that various nursing organizations undertake to recruit the nurse educators. The requirements, formalities and questions usually asked at the interviews will also be discussed. Nurse Educators Nurses throughout the world are called to work in a health care environment that is undergoing reform as never before imagined (NLN Board of Governors, 2011). A nurse educator is a nurse who is charged with the responsibility of educating, teaching, and preparing registered nurses (RN) and licensed practical nurses (LPN) for the purpose of enabling them enter into the practice at clinical positions. These nurses are also capable of teaching in many patient care settings in order to facilitate the patients with continuous education to register and licensed nursing staff. The Nurse Educators are also responsible for teach at doctoral l evel and graduate programs, which are intended to prepare the nurses for advanced practice. Job Applications The job applications depict the demands that the job descriptions puts on the employees. On observing the job application of Alaska Native Medical Centre, it is discovered that the organization charges the Clinical Nurse Educator (CNE) with the responsibilities to facilitate the education services and professional development of nursing by helping them prepare for advanced nursing practice and assist them in obtaining the skills and knowledge. This is done for the purpose of making them competent enough to gather and analyze the health data of patients, make diagnosis, develop a care plan, and implement the interventions for further interventions (Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, 2012). Interview Process The organizations hiring nurse educators beginning the recruitment process through interviews. These interviews give the hirer a complete view of candidate's qualifica tion, experiences and ambitions in the field. The interviewees are asked about their past experiences in the nursing capacity, and what their facility of working and areas of interest. Then, the interview discovers regarding the candidate's passion for teaching, and what factor brought them towards the teaching side. They are questioned upon the procedures that they would adopt to make their students grasp the concepts easily while teaching. Slowly, the interviewer build such a rapport with the candidates that, they get into open discussion in order to estimate the applicant's knowledge regarding nursing issues, current shortage, and the significance of nursing profession to the community. Besides this, Alaska Medical Centre also assess the applicant on the basis whether they know the positive aspect and worth of their job, and the ways in which the roles of nursing educators influence other areas of nursing. The interview further judges the candidates by asking their opinions on fu ture perspectives of the profession, its growth further, and the recommendation to others about getting into the nursing profession and develop it (Suzanne, 2012). The substantive questions usually asked from a candidate applying for nurse educators include the following: How does nursing generally contribute to the welfare of society? Can any other medical services replace nursing? How do