Higher Education and Vocational Degree

Murray’s Essay On Education: What’s Wrong With Vocational School â€Å"What’s Wrong With Vocational School,† by Charles Murray is an Article that states Vocational tutoring would be in an ideal situation than a multi year College degree. In Murray’s assessment, school should just be with those with a high IQ pace of 115 or higher and ready to deal with thorough and testing courses. On the off chance that you are at an IQ underneath 110 it turns into an issue and you would be increasingly effective in a Vocational program.This article smoothly and normally presents the idea that the populace would be ideally serviced by the reintroduction of additionally preparing for professions in exchange occupations getting progressively noticeable, consequently making more openings for work for individuals graduating with a professional degree. Numerous understudies that move on from a multi year University don't realize what is expected to go into the working f ield. Murray states â€Å"For a couple of occupations, a professional education despite everything confirms a capability. This raises the inquiry, for what reason do we constrain everybody to get a multi year degree?In our general public the school you go to implies more than your genuine capability or ability you may have. Bosses will in general pick an understudy that moved on from a college over that of a professional school understudy in view of the name of the school not the ability the individual has. The degree itself additionally doesn't consequently qualify the understudy for the activity and there are a lot quicker and better ways, for example, a professional degree for youngsters to give accreditations to employers.These certifications are required in the activity showcase for understudies with professional degrees. As Murray says, â€Å"Finding a decent legal counselor or doctor is simple yet finding a decent woodworker, painter, or circuit repairman is getting trouble some. † The employments required, for example, a circuit tester or painters are those with professional degrees. We frequently ignore a portion of the extraordinary occupations that don’t require a degree are still fulfilling. A professional degree can bring the same amount of pay some of the time significantly in excess of a multi year advanced education down the middle the time.We have an outlook that a multi year degree is substantially more important than a professional degree. As Murray passes on this isn't accurate he utilized a case of a specialist carrying inborn prizes with high pay. Professional degrees are getting increasingly vulnerable in our locale. A professional education is not any more significant than some other cutting edge occupation, for example, a NBA player or a bureau creator. Huge numbers of our most high salary individuals don't have a higher education and couldn't care less in light of the fact that they are living joyfully without it.Murray states the social cachet of a professional education despite everything remains except will dissolve after some time when enormous quantities of high pay individuals don't have advanced educations. † Many bosses are taking a gander at the proof you are acceptable at something without the advantage of a professional education and will expand all the more extra time. On the off chance that this proceeds with our bogus standpoint of an advanced education will decrease. As a general public we take a gander at the main method of turning out to be effective is setting off to a four college and investigate professional degree programs. Through Murray’s contention we learned tha

The Long Walk Home essays

The Long Walk Home articles White Middle Class Americans will never encounter the persecution that African Americans have had. This nation was assembled and established by Europeans, dominatingly Caucasians. All through American history, Caucasians have been the most significant, most predominant race. The dark network has felt disappointment and disturbance since the time the presence of the main slaves several years prior. Blacks have discovered the vent for their disappointment through a profound confidence in the Gospel. In when African Americans were battling for uniformity, the congregation was their outlet, giving expectation and freedom to all who entered its entryways. It is through the film, Long Walk Home (Long Walk Home Miramax Films; New Vision Picture: Howard W. Koch Jr., Dave Bell, 1991) that we see the significance of the dark church as both a structure and an assemblage. The congregation itself was utilized for something other than messages. Church was one of only a handful hardly any spots where blacks could simply be with no dread of annoying white individuals. A scene in Long Walk Home places the watcher before a stuffed church. Bodies are close and wearing their Sunday best. A solid, intelligible voice is heard blasting through the open windows and entryways of the congregation. It is the voice of Martin Luther King, Jr. Hundreds are eager to hear his message about quality and freedom. This chapel gathering was an opportunity for the dark network to act naturally while acting naturally was not acknowledged. The several individuals there to hear Dr. Ruler lecture were similarly as essential to the greatness of the gathering as was King. They were not only there to hear a lesson of freedom. They were there to continue each other. Their confidence in Jesus Christ as Savior gave them trust later on. Be that as it may, as significant as the short term was to them, and thus, the fantasy about being regarded, the idea of at long last being home with their Savior was a definitive objective. The Bible gave food to the reinforced. ... <!

What Are Some Examples of Illustration Essay Topics?

What Are Some Examples of Illustration Essay Topics?There are many examples of illustration essay topics. Essay topics that are easy to write but require the student to be able to draw out certain details will be good examples of illustration essay topics. Examples of this kind of essay topics include; Stories and Reminiscences, Drawings, Real Scenes, and Photographs.Illustration essays will show a picture of the writer's thoughts, feelings, or emotions. It is an art form and therefore requires a lot of practice before being written. Students should be encouraged to practice a lot to get this skill perfected. This will take a lot of time, but when finished, it will be a picture of a piece of a college education.Story Essay Topics - Story writing is not as common as writing articles and other types of essay. However, students can use a story in an illustration essay to demonstrate the writer's thought process on a particular event. For example, a student may want to include a story in an illustration essay about how he or she felt during a particular event. The story can be a diary entry, a letter, a letter from a relative, or from a classmate.Drawing Essay Topics - When students are asked to illustrate an essay using drawings, they must be made of smooth, flat surfaces like watercolor paper. The illustration should be one or two-dimensional and should be clear. The detail should also be clear to the eye and visible in the illustration.Photographs - Photographs can be included in an illustration essay as long as the photo or the image is clear and has a focal point. A photograph that is well-illustrated can have several meanings. The photograph may represent a beautiful landscape, a face, or an individual. For example, a photographer may show a woman while standing in a doorway. She is taking a photograph of the view outside.However, a well-illustrated photograph of a person can depict something like an old friend. A photograph may depict a place where the subje ct learned about life or a place where they felt that life was less than ideal. In a sense, a photograph is a well-illustrated poem, but an illustration does not contain a poem's meaning.Overall, illustrations are a great way to illustrate essay topics. It can show the reader about the topic or can display something that the reader can relate to. This is one of the reasons why illustration essays are so popular.These are examples of illustration essay topics. Students can try to write their own essay. However, they will need to be creative and display different styles of writing to get the reader interested in what they are trying to explain.

Christopher Columbus As A Hero - 1211 Words

Throughout many recent years, there has been a great deal of speculation about whether we should celebrate Columbus Day; whether Christopher Columbus, the man with a holiday named after him, the man who â€Å"discovered† America, was really hero. There are people who claim that Columbus was, in fact, someone to be celebrated. This is false. Christopher Columbus was, most blatantly put, a villain. He deserves this status because he did not discover the land now known as America, he forced his beliefs onto others, and he utterly destroyed the lives of unknowing, innocent people. Christopher Columbus is mainly known for being the one to uncover America. He had been labeled as a brave voyager who discovered new land, and started settlement there.†¦show more content†¦Now, the people living in the Caribbean had their own systems, politics, cultures, and beliefs. When Columbus sailed there he â€Å"introduced† them to Christianity; then proceeded to force it on them. Christianity was considered the most obvious and respectable faith by most all of Columbus’s society and often their aim was to expand it throughout the world, and have it be everyone s faith. Columbus wholeheartedly believed this, and upon arriving on land, he stripped and broke down the Natives beliefs, and got to work on replacing them with his own. Document 4, which provides an excerpt from his journal, shows he wrote, â€Å"Your Highnesses, as Catholic Christians†¦ who†¦ promote the holy Christian faith†¦ determined to send me.... to see the said princes, people, and territories and to learn their disposition and the proper method of converting them to our holy faith†, showing that one of his only purposes was to gather more people to become Christians, no matter what religions they might already have set. It’s is impossible to deny, that throughout history, there have been many arguments claiming Columbus to be a hero. Document 6, an excerpt of John Barlow’s, The Vision Of Columbus, called him, â€Å"This extraordinary man, who†¦ appears to have united his character in every trait, and to have possessed every talent†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , and Document 11, the lastShow MoreRelatedChristopher Columbus Is Not A Hero Essay1610 Words   |  7 PagesChristopher Columbus is commonly known as the â€Å"discoverer† of the Americas. From a young age students are taught all the wonderful things he did for our land and how well he interacted with the Natives. Although the truth is disregarded and as students grow, they come to learn that Columbus was not a hero in fact. Columbus came close to causing a genocide of the Native Americans, and basically began the â€Å"white power† movement that America is forced to deal with today. The truth of what ChristopherRead MoreChr istopher Columbus As A Hero965 Words   |  4 Pages In 1492, Christopher Columbus discovered America. He helped build implement a trade network between Europe (old world) and the America (new world). Which introduced new food and technology to both worlds. Although Christopher Columbus is recognized as a hero, who discovered the America and made it what it is today, his motives were to take all the valuable goods from the new world to the Spain. He have killed millions of natives. In 1492, when Christopher Columbus began to sail, he wanted to goRead MoreChristopher Columbus: Not a Hero1057 Words   |  5 Pagesannual holiday known as Columbus Day ever since the early 1900s? While enjoying the day off has the question of why an Italian explorer has a day dedicated to him in America ever occurred to you? Probably not, but every American with at least an elementary education has the general knowledge that Christopher Columbus is the hero credited with discovering America. It wouldn’t be an overstatement to even say that he is a national icon. In actuality, he’s far from being a hero. Although he did find aRead MoreChristopher Columbus : A Hero Or Hero?1445 Words   |  6 Pages Christopher Columbus was he a hero or was he a villain? As attitudes change throughout the years and new discoveries are being made, history is constantly being rewritten. In the recent years, there has been much controversy over the â€Å"achievements† of the great admiral Christopher Columbus. There have also been many books, articles, and historians that have described him as â€Å"one of the greatest mariners in history, a visionary genius, a national hero, a failed administrator, a naive entrepreneurRead MoreChristopher Columbus : Hero Or Villain?884 Words   |  4 PagesRian White Crawford 3rd Christopher Columbus: Hero or Villain? In elementary school students are taught that Christopher Columbus is some godly hero who discovered that the earth was round and a shorter route to â€Å"Asia†. They even have a day dedicated to him. Typically, children are gullible and just believe what they are taught, rather than actually researching and learning the history on their own. As a child one’s brain is not developed enough to possess a sense of moral discernment. Also, childrenRead MoreChristopher Columbus As A Hero For The Discovery Essay1601 Words   |  7 PagesOn the second Monday in October we celebrate Christopher Columbus, for â€Å"discovering† the Americas. However, it was actually the Vikings were the first to discover America 500 years prior to Columbus. Since preschool all through middle school, children are taught that he was a great Spanish explorer who sailed to the Americas on the Nina, Pinta, and the Santa Maria. In our textbooks we are taught that he helped prove that world was not flat, but many people had already began to realize that it wasRead MoreWhy Is Christopher Columbus A Hero1466 Words   |  6 PagesChristopher Columbus is best known for his voyage across the Atlantic where he accidentally discovered America. He paved the way for future exploration and set the course for history. Although Columbus is known as a historical hero for this discovery, he committed many awful acts along the way. Therefore, this writer concludes that Columbus was more of a villain than a hero. This researcher has reached this conclusion after examining many secondary sources including†¦(list sources)†¦ Important informationRead MoreChristopher Columbus Hero Or Villain1658 Words   |  7 PagesChristopher Columbus is an internationally celebrated explorer, due to his voyages to Central America during the Age of Discovery, a period between 15th and 16th centuries where explorers would be supported by countries to claim land. Columbus was an Italian explorer, on a conquest for gold and riches, who was sponsored by the monarchs of Spain, Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile, to travel to Southern Asia. Columbus proposed the idea of traveling from East to West, rather than travelingRead MoreEssay on Christopher Columbus: Villain or Hero?1521 Words   |  7 Pagesmore than five centuries Americans have lifted Christopher Columbus to heights of greatness and god-like. We celebrate his life as though he was a man that had done us a great favor. In resent years C hristopher Columbus has come under scrutiny, his life and works being questioned more than celebrated. There have be many great men and women that contributed to the building of our great nation but they do not receive anywhere as much recognition as Columbus. When a person begins to study the actual accountsRead MoreChristopher Columbus: Villain or Hero? Essay458 Words   |  2 PagesIn 1492, Christopher Columbus unintentionally discovered America, when he landed in the Caribbean Islands, while looking for a direct sea route to Asia. Despite the fact that Columbus believed he had found a direct sea route to India, he has been called the discoverer of America and hailed as a hero. More recently, however, he has been called a villain, with accusations saying that not only did he not discover America, but also that he was the cause of slavery and oppression in the Americas. These

Hamlets Relationships - 1690 Words

In William Shakespeares Hamlet, the character of Hamlet has many relationships with all characters. The theme human relationships is very strong in this play. A human relationship is a logical or natural association between two or more people. Hamlet has many of these associations with King Hamlets Ghost, Gertrude, Claudius, Ophelia, Polonius, Horatio, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. Many of his relationships are just and unjust according to the characters flaws and feelings. The ghost of King Hamlet played an important role during the book. The first interaction between King Hamlets Ghost can be simply called extreme. Hamlet is extreme when he goes with the ghost that looks like his father even though his friends warn him that†¦show more content†¦In a split second, she is placed in a situation where she has to chose between her loyalty to her father, or her own conviction. She chose to lie to Hamlet rather than reveal her father. This is her fatal flaw. Hamlet, know ing she is lying to him, goes on a rant and not only denounces his feelings for her, he questions her integrity and refers to her as a whore (Act 3, Scene 1, Line 111-115). Hamlet is crude in his own day by asking Ophelia Lady, shall I lie in your lap? (Act 3, Scene II, Line 109) Ophelia had deserved the treatment she received from Hamlet. Hamlet was fed up with Ophelia ignoring him and trying to stay away from him. Even with the betrayal she was just going through all the commands of her father and brother but you should not need anyone telling you who to love. From her betraying Hamlet and the denouncing of his love, this confrontation begins Ophelia true descent into insanity. Polonius, the kings royal assistant, has a preoccupation with appearances. He always wants to keep up the appearance of a loving and caring person. Polonius appears like a man who loves and cares about his son, Laertes. Polonius speaks to his son with advice that sounds sincere but in reality it is rehearsed, hollow and without feeling. In reality Polonius lies, manipulates people and eavesdrops on peoples conversation. Polonius helps contribute to minor theme ofShow MoreRelatedHamlets Relationship With His Parents Essay882 Words   |  4 Pagesthose shoes were old With which she followed my poor father’s body (I, ii, 147-148) Gertrude knew about the plan to kill the King. Claudius wanted to become King, but the only way that could happen, the current King, would have to be dead. Hamlet’s family and everyone else were very religious. Marrying within the family was very frowned upon, especially in royal families. Because Gertrude was very religious, she would never marry incestuously. For Claudius to become the new King, he wouldRead MoreAnalysis Of Hamlet s Hamlet 964 Words   |  4 Pagesthey were? Should I put as much trust and companionship into them as I currently am? To many people, having a relationship is like going on a hike. Despite a few rocks and bumps here and there, everything that happens in the relationship is within the strict lines created by the original trailblazers. What we often fail to see, is that none of our paths are truly finished. Each relationship unravels differently, therefore the task of creating a perfect and complete path, is virtually impossible. MistakesRead MoreHamlet s Madness And Insanity1481 Words   |  6 PagesMuch has been has been discussed of Hamlet’s madness and insanity. There have been endless arguments of whether his madness is feigned or unfeigned. Although, minimal arguments have been made about Hamlet’s pessimism. Hamlet is one of Shakespeare s most pessimistic plays, and as such it delivers the message that in a fallen world, reality often fails to match the ideal. The human experiences held up for pessimistic contemplation in Hamlet includes death, grief, loneliness, insanity, loss of meaningRead MoreThe Relationship Between Ophelia and Hamlet: William Shakespeare970 Words   |  4 Pagesstatement by looking at Ophelia and Hamlet’s relationship, Hamlet’s plot to fool everyone, and Hamlet’s true sanity. The relationship between Ophelia and Hamlet in the play Hamlet is unknown and is views as constantly changing to the audience. It is known early in the play that there is some sort of relationship. At first it seems that Hamlet does not really care about Ophelia and is just using her for sexual pleasure. However, as the play goes on the views of the relationship changes, as Hamlet appearsRead More The Tragic Tale of Ophelia and Hamlet Essay1390 Words   |  6 Pagesand Hamlet  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     The common problem of lack of communication has plagued couples since the beginning of time. The relationship Hamlet and Ophelia share in Shakespeare’s play, Hamlet, is no more immune to these human tendencies. Throughout the drama, many misunderstandings cloud their relationship. Unspoken problems and pressures within Ophelia’s and Hamlet’s private lives lead to overlooked, unnoticed love. For Hamlet, his bond with Ophelia pales in comparison to the weight of the lesRead MoreComparison of Hamlet and Claudius Essay1031 Words   |  5 PagesComparison of Hamlet and Claudius Relationships are very important today and they where very important in the past. Each relationship is different, some are good and some are bad. Good relationships can last a long time and sometimes forever but bad relationships can end very quickly. In some cases, relationships determine the direction life will take and they can change everything. Although love and relationships can sometimes be wonderful and happy, they can sometimes lead to things suchRead MoreI Am Grateful For A Postsecondary Education Essay1458 Words   |  6 Pagesfamiliar with people they would not have been exposed to at home. Being exposed to all these new people undergoing the same experiences leads to lasting friendships as well as romantic relationships. While there is stigma to dating in college and shifting focus from one’s education and future career, relationships seem to form regardless of logic. In the Shakespearean play Hamlet, Hamlet and Ophelia seem to live out a young teenage love story of writing love notes and professing serious obligationsRead MoreHamlet to Prufrock1833 Words   |  8 Pagesanti-romantic outlook in their respective world, resulting in a loss of identity. Both Hamlet and Prufrock experience rejection from their female love interests. As a youth of passion, Hamlet is truly in love with Ophelia and developed a significant relationship with her before she ends the bond. Filled with a loss of love, Hamlet is now empty. Prufrock differs in that he was never accepted in the social order of his times and his cowardice and awkwardness hinder any sort of female interaction, much lessRead MoreEssay about Hamlets Relationship with His Mother782 Words   |  4 PagesHamlet’s Relationship with his Mother Throughout William Shakespeares Hamlet, Hamlet portrays what Sigmund Freud calls the Oedipal Complex. When the relationship between Hamlet and his mother is analyzed, Freuds Oedipal complex theory comes to mind. The Oedipal complex is a theory created by Freud that states that the child takes both of its parents, and more particularly one of them, as the object of its erotic wishes. Because of this desire to be with the parent of the opposite sex, a rivalryRead MoreHamlets Love for Ophelia1231 Words   |  5 PagesIntro to Literature Drama Paper Hamlet’s Love   Ã‚      In the tragic play  Hamlet, written by William Shakespeare, one of the most common themes found throughout the story’s plot is the theme of love. Shakespeare interlaces many layers of thematic love through the complex relationships of  Hamlet; primarily between Hamlet and Ophelia. From Act one until the final scene of the play, Hamlet struggles with the decision to kill Claudius while he concurrently tries to comprehend the chaos surrounding

The Affordable Care Act Of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

â€Å"Of all the forms of inequality, injustice in health care is the most shocking and inhumane.† Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. In 2010, the Affordable Care Act, hereafter referred to as the ACA, was signed into law. Even though the reformed healthcare system allowed more Americans to access to quality affordable health insurance, it still has many flaws. We focus on solving the problem that the current health care policies are based on a hierarchal system, where the higher one is placed in the socioeconomic status, the better quality and access to healthcare him or her will get. As a result, people who are in the lower socioeconomic status will more likely to be stuck in a cycle that continues to perpetuate itself. This group of people is most†¦show more content†¦Through a partnership with health clinic, La Clinica and Walgreens, we would like to create a program that is more suited towards an undocumented population needs that may be overlooked. The ACA was created to help insure a larger portion of the nation’s population and give people access to affordable and higher quality care. Unfortunately, the ACA completely excludes undocumented immigrants from the eligibility of the program, even though this population consists of 11 million, which is a huge chunk of the nation’s population. As a result, the undocumented population is left with Emergency Medicaid, which is a program that is a part of ACA. This program gives some limited assistance to undocumented individuals in a case of an â€Å"emergency† or pregnancy related issues. Emergency Medicaid does not cover any type of prevention care or offer primary physicians to patients. It is also important to note that if the hospital determines that the visit was not an emergency, then the patient is left with a high medical bill that they would not be able to afford possibly leading to bankruptcy. Private insurance is a difficult otherworld system that many people whom native language is not English may feel inadequate to pursue due to language barriers or mixed status families and affordability. Fear itself is a huge problem within undocumented families, and many of them prefer to turn to other

Structuring and Segmentation Supply Base for Fairprice Company

Question: Discuss about theStructuring and Segmentation Supply Base for Fairprice Company. Answer Introduction Fairprice is arguably the largest supermarket chain in Singapore being a cooperative of National Trades Union Congress. With approximately 100 supermarkets across the island and 50 outlet stores in the company supply chain, Fairprice boosts as the first successful organization in the country to start and develop a fresh food distribution center. Its operations are supported by a central distribution system that achieves efficiencies through the distribution and supply chain channels (Selldin, E., Olhager, 2007). Fairprice Company has aligned its operations with suppliers which significantly contribute to the reduction of production cost, improve quality of the products offered, and speed daily operations. The organization procurement framework has facilitated it to simplify its operations and finally deliver greater value to the final consumers (Ritchie Brindley, 2007). This paper examines a detailed analysis of the acquisition framework that Fairprice utilizes in its different cat egories of products to enhance efficiency and effectiveness. Segmentation Strategies The giant supermarket chain ensures that it brings on board suppliers who can provide the outsourced services at the appropriate cost, timely deliveries, and high quality products. Further, it partakes to carry a precise analysis to know the number of suppliers that can optimally serve its needs (Ritchie Brindley, 2007). The main source of value results from the economies of scale the company enjoys. Segmentation is a highly vital concept to Fairprice since it enhances its efficiency and flexibility with its various suppliers (Tummala Schoenherr, 2011). The organization uses the following strategies to segment its supply base. Product based segmentation Fairprice applies this method in technological applications with many potential variants. It usually focuses on the volume mix, life cycle variability and the pricing of inputs from suppliers (Selldin Olhager, 2007). The approach utilizes the ability of the clients willing to make an extra payment to acquire innovative products it offers. Supply chain based risk The approach is aimed at enabling the company to examine the potential risks that it may face in the supply chain and propose ways to reduce the impact of the risks if they occur. The method necessitates Fairprice to have a fallback plan in case of unexpected occurrences in the location of the major suppliers of its crucial material inputs, for instances in case of floods and earthquakes, mitigation approaches will ensure the supply chain is not interrupted (Ritchie, B., Brindley, 2007). The company firstly identifies the needs of its end users and puts them into groups by a similarity of needs. Next, the entity develops supply chains that fit the various client needs. The company is in charge of product ideation, designing of the various products development and creation of new products (Rao Goldsby, 2009). Most of its activities are guided by the current consumer needs. PC Magazine. Fundamentally, the organization remains sensitive to the needs and preferences of its customers so that its rivals do not gain mileage from its weakness in customer responsiveness. This is possible through continuous research and development to be the leader in inventing the latest products and services that anticipate the needs of the market. Manufacturing and technology-based approach. Fairprice utilizes this method in structuring the framework of a supplier from the production point of view. This strategy is helpful in attaining synergies from multi-divisions of the organization's supply chain operations through the technology platform which enables efficiency and real-time performance (Narasimhan, Kim, Tan, 2008). The company has also invested in the mobile technology to run various applications and multi-tasking of services efficiently. Market-driven segmentation approach The framework relies majorly on the geographical and political nature of the existing market set-up. Different market channels have different features (Rao Goldsby, 2009). The approach employed by Fairprice is determined by the market nature, consumer requirements, and demand patterns. All this is aimed at reduction of production cost through supplier lag and lead to an increase in profit (Tummala Schoenherr, 2011). Additionally, there are peculiarities experienced in the channels of distribution destined to these markets, example road conditions and topography of the markets which informs the organization on the appropriate logistical measures to employ. Purchasing Strategies Used Purchasing Strategies at Fairprice applies to arrive at cost-effective purchasing decisions are as discussed below. The company applies this strategy to ensure it brings on efficient board vendors who will provide quality goods at an appropriate time under the spelled out supply agreement. Supplier Optimization NTUC Fairprice ensures it procures from a mix of vendors who can provide their supplies at the best prices and terms agreed. Here, it does away with all those suppliers who do not meet the price and quality requirements (Narasimhan et al., 2008). This approach will go a long way to sustain the position of the firm of being the market leader in providing quality fresh food supplies in the market. Total Quality Management (TQM) The approach requires the various vendors feeding NTUC Fairprice with the various inputs to ensure they are of high quality and have Zero errors (Manuj Mentzer, 2008). This method emphasizes on the continuous improvement of the quality of inputs for the same to be achieved with the outputs. Hence suppliers that do not meet the zero error requirements are phased out. Risk Management NTUC Fairprice obtains materials from various subsidiaries based in different continents. This is done to benefit from the reduced production cost in these countries especially in China and India (Wagner Bode, 2008). The company although should be on the lookout and develop mitigation measures incase these regions are hit with natural calamities as they will paralyze operations (Lo Power, 2010). The method calls for diversification of supply chain to cushion losses from such shortcomings. Global Sourcing NTUC Fairprice sources from different supplies across the world irrespective of the country of origin (Manuj Mentzer, 2008). The sole requirement to make it as one of their vendors is the provision of quality products at the required time. Vendor development approach It is where NTUC Fairprice partners with the vendor to improve the quality of the design and meet the requirements of the final consumer (Wagner Bode, 2008). The giant retailer engages in this approach in instances where it needs to get customer tailored fulfillment developed by different suppliers. The advantages NTUC Fairprice has gained form segmentation supply base strategys The strategy breakdown complex global supply chain goals and objectives to clear roadmap defined by performance metrics. The approach generates sufficient information to aid in decision-making process in the organization. Supply base segmentation increases the team flexibility. Proper segmentation aligns supply chain resources with specific needs. Conclusion Supply chain structure and segmentation are vital in organizations as it plays a critical role in ensuring companies achieve supplier flexibility in their operations. With an appropriate segmentation structure, Fairprice boosts of extensive information regarding the costs of various inputs, the time the deliveries are to be developed as well as exposing the risks of the company. This process is vital as it will enable the company to develop mitigation procedures to the risks. All this will go a long way in ensuring the client needs are met and continuous profit of the enterprise. The purchasing strategies employed by the organization enables the company carries out continuous production through using error-free inputs supplied at the required time. Finally, possessing an effective procurement strategies mix will allow the company makes best decisions regarding suppliers to use in supply chain process. References Lo, S.M., Power, D., (2010). An empirical investigation of the relationship between product nature and supply chain strategy. Supply Chain Management: an International Journal, 15(3), pp. 87-97 Manuj, I., Mentzer, J. T. (2008). Global supply chain risk management strategies.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management,38(3), pp. 192-223. Manuj, I., Mentzer, J. T. (2008). Global supply chain risk management.Journal of business logistics,29(1), pp. 133-155. Narasimhan, R., Kim, S. W., Tan, K. C., (2008). An empirical investigation of supply chain strategy typologies and relationships to performance. International Journal of Production Research, 46 (18), pp. pp. 5231-5259 Rao, S., Goldsby, T. J. (2009). Supply chain risks: a review and typology.The International Journal of Logistics Management,20(1), pp. 97-123. Ritchie, B., Brindley, C. (2007). Supply chain risk management and performance: A guiding framework for future development.International Journal of Operations Production Management,27(3), pp. 303-322. Ritchie, B., Brindley, C. (2007). Supply chain risk management and performance: A guiding framework for future development.International Journal of Operations Production Management,27(3), pp. 303-322. Selldin, E., Olhager, J., (2007). Linking products with supply chains: testing Fishers model. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal. 12 (1), pp. 4251 Tummala, R., Schoenherr, T. (2011). Assessing and managing risks using the supply chain risk management process (SCRMP).Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,16(6), pp. 474-483. Wagner, S. M., Bode, C. (2008). An empirical examination of supply chain performance alongseveral dimensions of risk.Journal of business logistics,29(1), pp. 307-325.

Toni Morrison Recitatif Summary an Example of the Topic Literature Essays by

Toni Morrison Recitatif Summary Recitatif Toni Morrison Analysis African American literature has undergone a long and thorny path from the pre-colonial period to the present day and has been significantly influenced by socio-historical development and technological progress. But one component remains unchanged. It is a person with all virtues and disabilities, traditions and future orientation. The last century was marked by the emergence of new novelists, as well as acknowledged dark-skinned romantics. Toni Morrison was one of them. Need essay sample on "Toni Morrison Recitatif Summary" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed How much do I have to pay someone to write my paper online? Essay writers advise: Find Your Helping Hand with Us! Women's African-American literature of the 70's and 80's was not concerned with social protest; on the contrary, the first gestures of American Africans in culture were not an expression of protest, but of social prayer. Children and grandchildren of slaves eradicated racism. They did not pray, but they required. The feminine literature of the 70's addressed not only to the black audience and worked within the framework of black culture and black identity, but first of all it was concentrated on its own, that is, on the bitter, and sometimes openly, pernicious relations of a woman and a man, on the marginal position of women in the patriarchal society. It applied to feminism. It was a guarantee of the development of the general process of democratization. Tony Morrison was the first African-American who received the Nobel Prize for Literature. Her works are translated into many languages: Italian, French, Norwegian, Japanese, Russian and others; the creativity and biography of the writer were the subject of several monographs and dissertations. She has long been recognized as the classic of American literature. Her works are deep in content; they address the serious problems of the African American population of the United States. The works of the writer are not easy to read, but they are popular all over the world. Tony Morrison enriched America's culture with his creative contribution by writing an African-American literary paradigm into the American literary canon, highlighting the importance of African American history in shaping the world outlook of the United States. Thanks to his prose, which is based on the image of national African folklore, it changes the existing American literary canons, depicting the destructive influence of inter-racial contradictions, the opposition of the "white" and "other", the attempts of the "white" to dominate and suppress the national consciousness of "other" nationalities. These urgent topics brought the international recognition of the writer. Recitatif is one of her strong stories. This is the story of two eight-year-old girls who meet in a shelter for children who do not have parents. Their names are Twyla and Roberta. They did not like each other at first sight, but they had no choice but to stick together. It is possible to speculate about the fate of their parents. The mother of Roberta is sick, and the mother of Twyla leads a loose life, but when Twyla speaks about it, she suddenly finds Roberta understanding. But the most important difference is that they belong to different races. This story is not about friendship, and not even about racial struggle, although there are the main elements of the story, it is a story about the life path, about universal values, about the understanding of the right and wrong, about which no one could tell the girls. The story goes on for many years when Twyla and Roberta meet again. In some things they are offended at each other, somewhere they do not understand each other, and their lives also developed in different ways. In the orphanage, they unite to be able to protect themselves from older girls. The key character in this time period is Maggie. Maggie was black; she was an old cook. Once, Twyla kicks Maggie and does not help her to get up. After more than twenty years, girls accidentally meet at a rally against racial discrimination, and Roberta recalls this case. Twyla responds ambiguously. She either does not remember the color of Maggie's skin, or she never considered her black, or it was a common manifestation of human cruelty. However, at the end of the story, she confesses that she remembers that Maggie was an African American, and deep down she really wanted to hurt her, but today she is ashamed of it. Nevertheless, the story ends with a rhetorical question. We can not judge from her words about what is the truth, and what is not. What is most remarkable is that the reader can not understand until the end of the story which of the girls is white, and which is an African-American. This gives the story even more ambiguity. Can we talk about the classical racial discrimination that occurs towards black people, or should we talk about the prejudices of one person against another in general? In addition to racial injustice, the author raises the problem of children growing up without the care of their parents. Most likely, this fact also had an impact on the formation of the views of each of the girls. Were they cruel from birth or did this life in the orphanage make them so? The name Recitatif is also not accidental. This name symbolizes the flow of time; girls meet after certain time intervals. This allows the reader to learn about how their life develops and how their views change over a certain period of time. Secondly, during the reading, it seems that the story itself is written in a recitative. All the sentences are short, clear; each of the heroines speaks plain text and worldly language. The story also contains short but informative dialogues. This short story is worthy of reading since it raises such an eternal topics as racial prejudices, human injustice and cruelty, remorse for ones actions, the problem of abandoned children, their rigidity and their future destiny. This is a strong message to the modern reader. It makes us think about the true nature of human relationships and about the nature of a person in general, about friendship, which is more like a nonaggression pact and the equality of people on the planet. Works Cited BlackNet Art. 29. October 2007 http://www.blacknetart.com/Morrison.html. Dictionary.com. Definition of Recitative. 31 October 2007 Morisson, Toni, Recitatif. 29 October 2007

Native American Fashions

Native American Fashions Fashion trends come and go but like the little black dress some garb never goes out of style. Footwear, accessories and clothing with Native American influences have surfaced as fashion staples, cycling in and out of designer collections for decades. But is this cultural appropriation or high fashion’s attempt to salute indigenous cultures? Clothing chains such as Urban Outfitters have come under fire for labeling their goods â€Å"Navajo† with reportedly no input from the Navajo Nation. To boot, bloggers are increasingly taking to task non-Natives who wear headdresses and other indigenous apparel to play a cross-cultural game of dress up. By supporting indigenous designers and learning more about the missteps the fashion world has made in regards to Native dress, you can avoid making the ultimate fashion faux pas- cultural insensitivity. Native American Fashion Staples Cultural appropriation is probably the last thing on shoppers’ minds when they hit the mall. Many consumers have no clue they’re wearing an item that has blatantly co-opted Native American culture. The rise of boho chic has especially blurred the lines. A shopper may associate a pair of feather earrings they like with hippies and bohemians and not with Native Americans. But the feather earrings, feather hair accessories and beaded jewelry on the contemporary fashion market largely owe their inspiration to indigenous cultures. The same goes for fringe purses, vests and boots, not to mention mukluks, moccasins and Native American prints on clothing. It’s certainly not a crime to wear these fashion items. But it’s important to recognize when cultural appropriation occurs and that some of the Native apparel commodified don’t just have cultural significance but also spiritual significance in Native American communities. The leather fringe purse you’re crazy about may look great with your new outfit, but it’s actually modeled after a medicine bag, which has religious importance in indigenous cultures. You might also consider researching the manufacturers who peddle apparel with Native American influences. Are Native American designers employed by the company? Does the business do anything to give back to indigenous communities? Playing Dress Up as an Indian While countless consumers will inadvertently buy products inspired by indigenous cultures, some will make a conscious decision to appropriate Native dress. This is a misstep made by trendy hipsters and high fashion magazines alike. Attending an outdoor music festival wearing a headdress, face paint, leather fringe and beaded jewelry isn’t a fashion statement but a mockery of aboriginal cultures. Just as dressing up as a Native American would be inappropriate for Halloween, it’s offensive to pile on pseudo-Native attire to get in touch with your inner hippie at a rock concert, especially when you know little about the clothing’s cultural significance. Fashion magazines such as Vogue and Glamour have been accused of cultural insensitivity by featuring fashion spreads in which white models â€Å"go primitive† by wearing Native-inspired fashions and including no Native American designers, photographers or other consultants in the process. Lisa Wade of the webs ite Sociological Images says, â€Å"These cases romanticize Indian-ness, blur separate traditions (as well as the real and the fake), and some disregard Indian spirituality. They all happily forget that, before white America decided that American Indians were cool, some whites did their absolute best to kill and sequester them. †¦So, no, it’s not cute to wear a feather in your hair or carry an Indian rug clutch, it’s thoughtless and insensitive.† Supporting Native Designers If you enjoy indigenous fashions, consider buying them directly from First Nations designers and artisans throughout North America. You can find them at Native American cultural heritage events, powwows and marketplaces. Also, academic Jessica Metcalfe runs a blog called Beyond Buckskin that features indigenous fashions, brands and designers such as Sho Sho Esquiro, Tammy Beauvais, Disa Tootoosis, Virgil Ortiz and Turquoise Soul, to name a few. Buying indigenous apparel and accessories from an artisan directly is an entirely different experience than buying Native-inspired goods from a corporation. Take Priscilla Nieto, an accomplished jewelry maker from the Santo Domingo Pueblo. She says, â€Å"We put good intentions into our work, and look forward to the person who will wear it. We do a prayer- a blessing- for the wearer of the piece, and we hope they accept this with their heart- all of the teaching from the parents and from our family.†

Compare and contrast rationalism and empiricism Essay

Compare and contrast rationalism and empiricism - Essay Example He said that when look at a knife they think of pain. This is the quality of the knife, but the painful thought is the idea in their minds (Cuddy 1). Locke describes the difference between primary and secondary qualities in terms of the different ideas that they produce in the people’s minds. According to Locke, primary qualities of objects create ideas in people’s minds that resemble the matching qualities in the objects that caused people to have those ideas. The secondary qualities of objects create ideas in people’s minds that do not resemble the matching qualities in the objects that created those ideas in people’s minds. According to Locke, color, being red, is a secondary quality, as shape, being square is a primary quality (Cuddy 1). Locke’s concept on what a substance was not clearly understood. There were, however, two key views regarding what Locke meant. These views were that a substance referred to that what supported quality in an object. This is because Locke’s concept of a substance mainly consisted of bare particulars that lacked properties. The other thought of a substance, according to critics, is that a substance refers to a solid stuff that makes a material. The two philosophers believed that people perceive what they perceive. Their eyes do not lie since they cannot lie. They both agreed upon that it is the power the eyes to distinguish what their have seen for what it stands to be. They both used the example of Copernicus and Galileo to explain their theory. They said that it took Galileo and Copernicus to convince people that the world spins. That is a thought that people did not perceive. Sensible things, according to Berkeley, are things that are perceived by sense. He, however, states that the things that are perceived by senses are ideas. Hence, according to Berkeley, a sense is an idea. He connects the two by saying that mountains, houses, rivers among other objects are

Buddhism and jainism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Buddhism and jainism - Essay Example Buddhism is one of the indigenous religions in India, which came into existence around 2500 years ago. It is presumably the fourth largest religion in the world after the likes of Islam, Christianity and Hinduism (Doniger, 2010). The Buddhist followers around the world are approximately 390 million as of the statistics conducted in 2012. In India, Buddhism is very dominant in the East that is presumed to be the origin of the region. However over the years the region has influenced the west by constantly attracting new followers (Kelsang, 2011). Over the years since its origin, this religion has metamorphosed into a variety of sub-religions all which share common beliefs and faith. Despite the variety of religions that exist under the parent Buddhism the religion has grown into a form that emphasize on religious rituals and also strict emphasis on the worship of deities. However, Buddhism is primarily founded on the pretext that its followers are supposed to maintain pure mediation wi th the divinity and in this case Buddhist (Kelsang, 2011). The followers of this religion have the obligation to respect the teachings of Buddhism, which is the fundamental objective of this religion. Worship in Buddhism is conducted in a temple that is considered a sacred/holy place of worship where the followers are supposed to maintain purity as they are not supposed to enter the temple with shoes (Doniger, 2010). Buddha the divine element in this religion is regarded as a teacher who directs them on how they are supposed to lead their social life in order to receive favour from him. Worship in Buddhism is conducted in the Vihara but is not scheduled on a specific day or time to conduct the process; the followers are free to conduct worship sessions at any time of the day without any particular followed schedule or proceeding timetable (Kelsang, 2011). During worship food and flowers are placed at the Buddha statue in the

My opinion on private letter ruling from the IRS Essay Example for Free

My opinion on private letter ruling from the IRS Essay According to my opinion on the IRS private letter ruling, it is very essential for the organization to decide and look for ways on which they can request for the IRS private letter ruling. An IRS private letter ruling does not contain laws but it contains guideline to the taxpayer on tax issues. Therefore it can be defined as a disclosed statement that is issued to the tax payer by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) in which some guidance are defined on how to deal with financial assessment that have prospective tax cost. Many of the organization have limited knowledge about the IRS private letter ruling and that is why they tend to run away from the IRS especially when they have to deal with issue regarding taxes. It is the responsibity of the organizational leaders to look upon the anticipated changes in the organization and compare the importance of the IRS private letter ruling to the company (IRS. gov 2010). The taxpayer is able to rely on what the private letter states regarding its measurement. IRS reduces risk when dealing with paying a large amount of tax; it gives the task payer a surety of safety that will occur when dealing with paying large amount of tax. On a contemplated transaction the private letter of ruling gives advancement to the taxpayer on the tax treatment expectation from the IRS. The IRS can become negative to companies. Therefore for the IRS private letter ruling to have a meaning the transactions are supposed to be completed accompanied by the tax returns. There after the IRS officials discuss and come to an agreement after they have evaluated the transactions and the tax returns.

Crime and Punishment Summary Essay -- essays research papers

One July day in St. Petersburg, a poor young man slips out of his apartment and goes out. He is Rodion Romanych Raskolnikov, a former student, and he is preoccupied with something. He arrives at the apartment of Alyona Ivanovna, a pawnbroker, where he is attempting a trial of the unknown deed obsessing him. He has pawned something to this woman a month before, and now pawns an old watch for much less than he had hoped to get. As the woman gets her money, he watches and listens very carefully, storing up details in his memory. He leaves after vaguely mentioning that he may come back soon with another pledge. Tormented, he wanders down the street, mentally at war with himself. He happens upon a tavern, where he stops to eat and drink something, and feels better after doing so. There, he meets Semyon Zakharovich Marmeladov, a retired official and a drunkard. Marmeladov pours out his life story to Raskolnikov, telling about his consumptive wife Katerina Ivanovna, his three small children, and his oldest daughter Sofya (Sonya), who has had to prostitute herself to earn money for the family. Marmeladov himself had recently acquired a position, but almost immediately lost it through his alcoholism. He has been away from home for five days, having stolen his salary money and spent it all on drink. Marmeladov asks Raskolnikov to take him home. Rodion does so, and witnesses how Katerina Ivanovna falls on her husband and drags him about by his hair. She kicks Raskolnikov out, assuming him to be a drinking partner of her husband's. As he leaves, he places a handful of change on their windowsill unnoticed. Outside, he regrets this action, but knows he cannot go back to get the money. The next day, he awakens feeling unrested. Nastasya, the landlady's servant, comes in with some tea for him, as well as leftovers from the previous day's meal (since he is behind on his rent, the landlady has stopped sending his dinner up to him). She also tells him that he has received a letter. Agitated, he sends her to get it, and orders her out of the room so he can read it. The letter is from his mother, Pulcheria Alexandrovna, and mostly concerns his sister Avdotya Romanovna, or Dunya. Dunya had been working as a governess in the house of the Svidrigailov family, but the husband's unfortunate attraction to her led the wife to kick Dunya out on the assumption that the girl had ini... ...ainder of the day wandering about and settling his affairs, and shoots himself the next morning. Later that day, Rodya goes to see his mother for the last time before turning himself in. He then hurries home, where he finds Dunya waiting for him. He takes leave of her and goes to Sonya. She gives him a cross. He rushes out rudely, not even saying goodbye to her, impatient to get it over with, even though he can't understand why he should go, because he still does not see his act as a crime. He goes to the station, with Sonya following him. He finds out that Svidrigailov is dead, and, stunned, leaves without confessing; but Sonya is waiting for him, and he goes back upstairs and confesses. Rodya is exiled to Siberia, where Sonya follows him. Dunya marries Razumikhin. Pulcheria Alexandrovna dies. Sonya writes to the Razumikhins about Rodya. He is unsociable and hated by his fellow prisoners. He falls ill. At the end of his illness, Sonya herself is ill, and he misses her. When she recovers, she goes to him, and he at last repents truly, falling at her feet and weeping. Having finally recognized his sin, he is resurrected†¹able to love Sonya and look forward to his life with her.

Theoretical Background of Lending System

There Is a meticulous proverb about the bank's lending -â€Å"If you owe the bank take problem. † To be frank, lending to the businesses, governments, and Individuals Is one of the most Important services banks and their closest competitors provide, and It Is the riskier. The principal reason banks and many competitor lenders are issued charter of incorporation by government is to make loans to their customers.Banks, thrift institutions, and other chartered lenders are expected to support their local immunities with an adequate supply of credit for all legitimate business and consumer financial needs and to price that credit reasonably in line with competitively determined market interest rate. Indeed, making loans to fund consumptions and Investment spending Is the principal economic function of banks and their closest competitors. How well a lender performs In fulfilling the lending function has a great deal to do with the economic health of Its region, because loan support the growth of new business and Jobs wealth the lender's trade territory.Despite all the benefits of lending for both the institutions that makes loan and for their customer, the lending process bears careful internal and external monitoring at all the times. When a bank or other lender gets into serious financial trouble, its problems usually spring from loans that have become unconvertible due to mismanagement, illegal manipulation, misguided landing policies or an unexpected economic downturn. No wonder, then, that when examiners appear at a bank or other regulated lending Institution they conduct a thorough review of its loan portfolio.Usually this Involves detailed analysis of the documents and collateral for the largest loan, a review of a sample of small loans, and an evaluation of loan polices to ensure their sound and prudent In order to protect the public funds. 1. 2 Background of National Credit & Commerce Bank Ltd (UNCLE) National Credit and Commerce bank Limited bears a unique history of its own. The organization started its Journey in the financial sector of the country as an investment company back in 1985.The aim of the company was to mobile resources from within and invest them n such way so as to develop country's Industrial and Trade Sector and playing a catalyst role In the formation of capital market as well. Its membership with the bourse helped the company to a great extent In this regard. The company operated up to 1992 with 16 branches and thereafter with the permission of the Central Bank converted In to a full-fledged scheduled private commercial bank In May 1993 with paid up capital TX. 39. 00 core to serve the nation from a broader platform.During providing sincere personalized service to its customers in a technology-based environment. The Bank has set up a new standard in financing in the Industrial, Trade and Foreign Exchange business. Its various deposit and credit products have also attracted the clients-both corporate and indi viduals who feel comfort in doing business with the Bank. The initial authorized capital of the Bank was TX. 75. 00 core and, paid-up capital TX. 19. 50, core at the time of conversion, which is now raised, to TX. 9. 00 cores. The present authorized capital is TX. 250. 00 core and paid up capital is TX. 60. 78 core. The sponsors of the new bank consisted of 26 (Twenty six) Members, who comprised the iris Board of Directors. The share price of the bank is currently being quoted at both Dacha and Chitchatting Bourse at an average price of TX. 320/- against per value of TX. 100/-. NC Bank based upon its commendable business performance for the year ended 2004, has meanwhile declared stock dividend at the rate of 30%.The Bank which started with 16 branches in 1993, has at present 41 (forty one) branches and 03 (three) Booths located in prime commercial areas of Dacha, Chitchatting, Sylphs, Fine, Chula, Josser and Ranging District Headquarters, out of which as many as 17 seventeen) are A uthorized Dealer Branches, fully equipped for dealing in direct foreign exchange businesses. 1. 3 Scope of the Report This report has been prepared through extensive discussion with my colleagues and with the clients.While preparing this report, I had a great opportunity to have an in depth knowledge of all the banking activities practiced by the NC Bank limited. It also helped me to acquire a first-hand perspective of a leading private bank in Bangladesh. This report covers overall areas of UNCLE. It can be grouped into the allowing sections: Origin and historical background of UNCLE. Theoretical description about the products and services, general banking activities and departments of the bank.Analysis of the performance of UNCLE through some ratios. 1. 4 Objectives of the Report Primary Objectives The primary objectives of the report are to orient the real life nature of the bank and to measure the Job satisfaction of the staffs of the NC Bank Ltd, Mailbags branch, Dacha. Seconda ry Objectives To measure the level of Job satisfaction of employees with respect to the company. To understand the components that trigger Job satisfaction of the staffs.To know the reasons behind the Job dissatisfaction of the employees from the findings. To Judge the level of Job satisfaction of employees on various parameters: Working Conditions Rewards and other benefits Relationship with employees of company Job Security 1. 5 Methodology This report is made based on my theoretical and practical knowledge and as project report. National Credit Bank Limited is one of the well-known private commercial bank in Bangladesh. Its public reporting system is appreciable. Data are well managed.This arrangement is logical that helps easy application of analytical tool. Two sources are used to collecting data. These are: Primary Source Secondary Source Primary Source: Face to face conversation with the bank officers and staffs Study of different files of different section of the bank. Un-o fficial discussion with bank official. Secondary Sources: Annual report of NC Bank limited (2009-2013). Website. Literature summery. 1. 6 Limitations of the Study 1. Data Insufficiency 3. Lack of Updated Information.

Do Private Schools Need to be Accredited

Not all schools are created equal, and in fact, not all schools are recognized as accredited institutions. What does that mean? Just because a school claims membership in a state, regional or national association doesnt mean that it is actually accredited as a high school worthy of producing graduates who can earn a true high school diploma. What does this mean and how do you know? What is Accreditation? Accreditation for schools is a status granted by organizations which have been authorized by state and/or national authorities to do so. Accreditation is a highly prized designation which has to be earned by the private schools and maintained over the years. Why is it important? By making sure that the private school you are applying to is accredited, you are guaranteeing yourself that a school has met certain minimum standards during a thorough review by a body of its peers. This also means that the school provides transcripts that are acceptable for college admission processes. Gaining Maintaining the Approval: The Self Study Evaluation School Visit Approval is not granted just because a school applies for accreditation and pays a fee. There is a rigorous and comprehensive  process by which hundreds of private schools have proven that they are worthy of accreditation. Schools must engage, first, in a self-study procedure, which often takes approximately one year. The entire school community is often engaged in assessing different standards, including but not limited to, admission, development, communications, academics, athletics, student life, and, if a boarding school, residential life. The goal is to assess the schools strengths and areas in which it needs to improve. This massive study, which is often hundreds of pages long, with myriad documents attached for reference, is then passed along to a review committee. The committee is made up of individuals from peer schools, ranging from Heads of School, CFO/Business Managers, and Directors to Department Chairs, Teachers and Coaches. The committee will review the self-study, evaluate against a set of pre-determined metrics that a private school should align to, and begin to formulate questions. The committee will then schedule a multi-day visit to the school, during which they will conduct numerous meetings, observe school life, and communicate with individuals regarding the process. At the end of the visit, before the team departs, the chair of the committee will typically address the faculty and administration with their immediate findings. The committee will also form a report that more clearly illustrates its finding, including recommendations that the school must address prior to their check-in visit, usually within a few years of the initial visit, as well as longer-term goals that must be addressed before re-accreditation in 7-10 years. Schools Must Maintain Accreditation Schools are required to take this process seriously and must be realistic in their assessment of themselves. If a self-study is submitted for review and is purely glowing and has no room for improvement, the reviewing committee will likely dig deeper to learn more and uncover areas for improvement. Accreditation is not permanent. A school has to demonstrate during the regular review process that it has developed and grown, not just maintained the status quo. A private schools accreditation can be revoked if they are found to not be providing the adequate educational and/or residential experience for its students, or if they fail to meet the recommendations provided by the review committee during the visit.   While each regional accrediting associations may have slightly different standards, families can feel comfortable knowing that their school has been properly reviewed if they are accredited. The oldest of  the six regional accrediting associations,  New England Association of Schools and Colleges, or  NEASC,  was founded in 1885. It now claims approximately 2,000 schools and colleges in New England as accredited members. In addition, it has approximately 100 schools located overseas, which have met its strict criteria. The  Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools  lists similar standards for its member institutions. These are serious, exhaustive evaluations of schools, their programs and their facilities. The Obligations of Affiliation, for instance, of the North Central Association of Schools and Colleges specifically states that a member school must undergo review not later than five years after original accreditation was granted, and not later than ten years after each satisfactory review. As Selby Holmberg said in Education Week, As an observer and evaluator of a number of independent school accrediting programs, I have learned that they are interested above all in standards of educational excellence. Edited by  Stacy Jagodowski

Female Relationships in Shakespeares Taming of the Shrew...

Female Relationships in Shakespeares Taming of the Shrew and A Midsummer Nights Dream Often in literature, parallels are used to accentuate certain things. William Shakespeare utilizes this tool in both The Taming of the Shrew and A Midsummer Nights Dream. In both of these comedic plays, there is a set of women who are at odds with each other. These relationships can be compared and contrasted in different aspects. In Shakespeares, The Taming of the Shrew the relationship between the sisters Katherine and Bianca appears to be strained with rampant jealousy. Both daughters fight for the attentions of their father. In twisted parallel roles, they take turns being demure and hag-like. Father of the two, Baptista Minola, fusses†¦show more content†¦Petruccio sees dollar signs and rushes forth in grand dress and eloquent mannerisms to court the gracious Kate. When he first begins his ritual of winning the family and Katherine to his love, he is seeking his fortune in her dowry. The mention of her being at all undesirable does not put rocks in his path. He spea ks of One rich enough to be Petruccios wife, as wealth is burden of my wooing dance be she as foul as was Florentius love, as old as Sibyl, and as curst and shrewd as Socrates Xanthippe or a worse, she moves me not or not removes at least affections edge in me, were she as rough as are the swelling Adriatic Seas. (1.2.65-71) Petruccio comes calling for the older sister, and Bianca in turn sneaks about with Lucentio who is dressed in scholars clothing. They pretend to be working on Latin and fool her father with disguises and books while romancing the entire time. Katherine is honest in her words and deeds. She does not wish to be teased or tormented and flees from Petruccios twisted words. Kate and Bianca trade roles at this time and the dainty, controlled sister is Kate. 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Raymond Carvers A Small Good Thing Essay example - 842 Words

Raymond Carvers A Small Good Thing Raymond Carvers A Small Good Thing, a short story that has to do with the lack of interaction and empathy between the baker, Ann and Howard, the finale where the baker is startled to find out about the childs death, asks for mercy and presents them warm cinnamon rolls telling them that Eating is a small, good thing in a time like this and they are comforted, reveals particular significance of the title in terms of the storys theme. Also, Raymond Carvers Cathedral, a story that starts with an ignorant and rude narrator whose wife has called a blind friend to spend the night at their home and according to Carver, A blind man in my house was not something I looked forward to,(38) has some†¦show more content†¦After the baker takes all the rage thrown on him by Ann, he in return begs for forgiveness and gives the parents what they were lacking, that is food. The baker does all this even though he is alone and virtually makes contact with anybody. In Raymonds Cathedral, certain similarities can be drawn from the thematic content that is revealed in both stories. In Cathedral, the theme is expansive, but the ones that are similar in both stories are communication, and empathy. The communication theme in this story is much more serious than the one in A Small Good Thing, the reason being that the narrator has less or no communication whatsoever with his wife. This is vividly shown in the story where the narrator says When the time rolled around, my wife went to the depot to pick him up. With nothing to do but wait, I was having a drink and watching TV.(41) This deficiency of intimacy, intercourse led the narrator to be ignorant but very thoughtful. However the narrators thoughtfulness did not lead him to understand that his lack of tolerance was much more serious than he knew it was. In A Small Good Thing, as mentioned earlier, after Howard returns home, the baker keeps on calling him and telling him about the cake, but Howard tells him I dont know anything about a cake, Jesus what are you talking about? Ann never tells Howard about the cake she ordered before Scotts accident. Here the lack of communication theme is less seriousShow MoreRelated An Analysis on the Similarities and Differences in Raymond Carversâ€Å"A Small Good Thing† and â€Å"The Bath†2727 Words   |  11 Pages In Raymond Carvers The Bath and rewritten version of the story entitled A Small, Good Thing, the author tells the same tale in different ways, and to different ends, creating variegated experiences for the reader. Both stories have the same central plot and a majority of details remain the same, but the effects that the stories have upon the reader is significantly different. 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The characters throughout Carvers Short Cuts struggle through their lives in private desperation, often to ultimately realize that they are bound toRead MoreAnalysis Of Raymond Carver s The Cathedral 863 Words   |  4 Pages One of the Raymond Carver story where we can find a lot of religion symbols; it is â€Å"Cathedral.† The story develops an ironic situation in which a blind man teaches a sighted man to truly â€Å"see† for the first time. Near the end of the story, Carver has these two characters work together on a drawing of a cathedral, which serves as the symbolic heart of the story. The cathedral represents true sight, the ability to see beyond the surface to the true meaning that lies within. The narrator’s drawingRead MoreMinimalism by Raymond Carver Essay3013 Words   |  13 PagesLiterary Criticism Minimalism by Raymond Carver English 210 P. Fishman Research Paper Literary Criticism on Minimalism by Raymond Carver Raymond Carver was a master of the short story during the mid nineteenth century due to his unique minimalistic style. Carver has his own artistic signature when it comes to writing, he tells his stories usingRead MoreThemes Of A Small, Good Thing Essay968 Words   |  4 PagesThemes in ‘A Small, Good Thing’ Life consists of persistence and lethargy; patience and tragedy; felicity and suffering; experiences and failures; ups and downs; and accepting the good with the bad and the bad along with the good. These details create ‘slices of life’ moments in our lives. As we read Raymond Carver’s short stories, we see these beautiful moments come to pass. 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Architectural Work Place Designs and Work Behaviors for Apple

Question: Discuss about theArchitectural Work Place Designs and Work Behaviors for Apple. Answer: Introduction In recent years the area of architectural design and use of technology is influencing work designs and employee behaviors. Buildings are constructed in a way that it pushes employees to work towards new limits. Example of such buildings is that of Apple Park, a campus that houses 12000 staff with a vast circular building surrounded with a park, and Nvidia a two storey building. Apple Park is located in Cupertino with a type of Silicon Valleys campuses which makes it to be an emblem of the latest US technology industry craze. Nvidia a chipmaker on the other hand has a two storey office with spaces in its heart that do not allow collisions and interactions of the users (Ording Louch 2017, p.45). Nvidia design represents a Utopia of a wide flat across campuses instead of making users split across vertical floors. Every employee in Apple and Nvidia have own work stations (hot desks) which allows them to gather and huddle when working for a project. The use of hot desks is more cost effe ctive and more flexible. Motivation behind use of utopia flat design campuses and hot desks is on revenue generation originating from employees working collaboratively (Myerson, Bichard 2016, p.24). Several studies findings have justified the use of hot desks as appropriate for working stations. A research conducted by Leesman a workplace research group established that 70% of employees in activity-based workplaces like to huddle in a single desk. That contrasts with the aim of using activity-based work place which was designed for them to move from a zone to another during a working day. Gensler, the architectural firm for Nvidia new building justified in their finding that employees require work stations with less privacy, more collaborations and limited space for working. That is provided by the use of hot desks which is more relevant to what the employees need. The drawback of using hot desks is that it may not be suitable for certain professional works requiring individual efforts instead of collaborations (Ording Louch 2017, p.45). Other jobs require individuals to focus towards work and any migration or open spaces would cause distractions. Changes in technology continue to erode work patterns and it is then appropriate if only they do not re-engineer the behavior of the users. Research questions How does architectural technology craze contribute to redesign of work spaces? What are the factors contributing to the recent architectural technology craze in work spaces? Which office space design configuration is most appropriate for employee working behaviors? What are the challenges facing architectural technology in redesigning work spaces? Literature review Literature review of the article is based on the research questions and will be derived from empirical facts from secondary sources of data. Architectural technologies craze and redesign of work spaces There is emerging craze in architectural technologies for work related spaces. Designers and architects are now tasked to redesign work spaces that innovative. They are focused on achieving goals for creating new working spaces that revolve building of communities, encourage work encounters, and could enhance collaborations. The building sector in US and across the world is developing in a rapid speed there is need to adhere to strict building and construction codes. Differential building of co-working spaces as emerged as one of the fast growing areas in the building sector. Architectures and designers are competing to provide the best office structures (Myerson, Bichard 2016, p.24) Innovation spaces in architectural designs are signs of demographic, economic and cultural forces influencing office structures developments. The dynamic changes in innovation are transforming office structures into flexible locales, open enough to host different professionals and disciplines. Changes in demographics in the work place are the leading cause of changes in office structures designs. Designers are tasked with innovative ways to ensure different workers needs are met for the benefit of the institution (Chappell Dunn 2015, p.45). Factors contributing to the recent architectural technology craze in work spaces The architectural work spaces have changed over the last 10 years due to different reasons. The first reason comes from convergent sharing of ideas and opinions from different sectorial areas. Different disciplines and professionals are currently contributing to the latest architectural building designs. Committees are formed from different sectors among them architecture personnel to develop suitable work spaces for their clients. Today, external sources for example the RD laboratories are producing commercialized architectural designs which they sell to different clients. The second factor is that now days architects and designers are competing to deliver competitive and breathtaking designs for their clients. Innovative use of technology currently contributes to 80% of the emerging trends in architectural technology craze in developing work spaces (Latham 2016, p.45) The third factor emerges from those using the work space democratically contributing significantly to current design. Architectural designs are distancing from dictation from architects and leaders of the organization (Giachetti 2016, p.23). The users are given opportunity to state the kind of design they expect to have for their work spaces. It has changed how employees are empowered and elevated to define the nature of work space that supports their ambitions and needs (Lifschutz 2017, p.34). The current architectural designs have become a cutting edge in integrating employee and organizational cultures, ambitions in supporting work space designs that are mutually suitable. Architectural work space configurations and employee working behaviors Private offices are examples of office space designs that architectures design for office use. Private office workplaces offer the largest amount of security of all office conditions. Private offices workplaces likewise furnish representatives with spots to privately hold meetings and have their own particular conferences with colleagues. In many work environments, private office workplaces exist however restricted to abnormal state administrations. It is very costly to have a private office spaces for each worker (Deasy, Newell, Mware 2015, p.45). In any case, offering private office workspaces for representatives to share can go far in consuming resources. As per The Washington Post, around 70 percent of U.S. workplaces take after the open office organize with no or little segments. The beginning of this office space designs absolutely originated from the technology organizations in Silicon Valley, which gloat that open office designs offer unparalleled connection and straightforwardness (Sailer, Pomeroy Haslem 2015, p.253). What started on the West Coast spread the nation over and into organizations in all businesses. While these office floor designs help expand organization space at bring down costs, they can contribute significantly to profitability. The cubicles are example of office space designs configurations where smaller partitions are created to lessen the open spaces created in an open layout office. It is a cost effective method of creating offices and architecturally they were developed from open office plan layouts. They possess numerous drawbacks; employees under the cubicles noise is still a concern, visual distractions is another problem, and another problem is normal movement can be a major disruptions (Hatch 2017, p.132). Certain cubicles are made more attractive by designing meeting points for the employees to breakdown the monotony of open cubicles. Co-working space is a type office space designs configurations applied by architectures. The designs bring diverse groups of workers, professionals in a shared environment. A study by Harvard review shows that employees in co-working spaces are successful than those found in regular offices. The co-working spaces are available to employees at all times (Ching, Binggeli 2018 p.45). They contain numerous working spaces that employees can share tables, resources and share ideas effectively. Challenges facing architectural technology in redesigning work spaces The changing social behaviors and organizational intentions has become a challenge that is contributing to how work space is designed. Architects and designs are largely affected because they need to follow social patterns which are dynamic. Balancing between innovation and design flexibility is another challenge for architects and designers. Organizations are focused on developing work spaces that are flexible to the current and future needs which is challenging. Flexibility requires thinking through all aspects of design, available resources, technology used, current and future needs. The demand for flexibility has made architectural technology in development of work spaces a complex endeavor (Wyoma VanDuinkerken Karen MacDonald 2013, p.248). The changing work pattern and policies for organizations is another challenge to architects and designers. The rate in which changes are done in organization and global changes makes organizations to review their designs for work spaces. A number of architects are complaining over the highly curtailed life of architectural technology designs for work stations. Another challenge is that in collaborative architectural technology designs for work spaces require sectors to communicate effectively on tacit information (Duffy, Cave Worthington 2016, p.45). But the information is found to be undocumented, unstructured, and more experiential that require rich communication techniques. The state and government policies that change town mapping and designs contribute to reshuffling of work space, changing of designs and arrangement of work spaces becomes an occasional challenge for architectural technology designers. Reference lists Chapell, D., Dunn, M., 2015. The design and architect in practice. John Wiley Sons. Ching, F., and Binggeli, C., (2018). Interior and exterior design illustrated. John Wiley Sons. Deasy, S., and Newell, C., VMware., 2015.Architectural method and system for developing workspace applications in work environments, U.S. Patent 9,087,191 Duffy, F., Cave, C. Worthington, J., 2016.Planning for office space and work places, Elsevier Giachetti, R., 2016.Design of enterprise systems: Theory, architecture, and methods. CRC Press Hatch, M., 2017. The symbolic of office design: an empirical exploration. InSymbols and artifacts(pp. 129-146). Routledge. Latham, D., 2016.Creative Reuse of Buildings: Volume One. Routledge. Lifschutz, A., 2017.Loose-fit Architecture: Designing Buildings for Change(Vol. 87, No. 5). John Wiley Sons. Myerson, J., Bichard, J., 2016.New demographics new workspace: Office design for the changing workforce. Routledge. Ording, B., and Louch, J., Apple Inc, 2017.Changing a virtual workspace based on user interaction with an application window in a user interface. U.S. Patent 9,658,732. Sailer, K., Pomeroy, R., and Haslem, R., 2015. Data-driven design data on human behavior and spatial configuration informing the better workplace design.Corporate Real Estate Journal,4(3), pp.249-262. Wyoma VanDuinkerken and Karen MacDonald., 2013. Challenges facing redesigning staff work space. A volumeinChandos Information Professional Series, Vol.3 (5), pages 147162.

Photosynthesis Coursework Essay Example

Photosynthesis Coursework Essay The aim of my experiment was to determine whether or not the intensity of light would affect the rate of photosynthesis in a plant. To do this, I placed a piece of Canadian pondweed in varying light intensities, and observed the amount of oxygen being given off. I used Canadian pondweed because of its unusual quality of giving off bubbles of gas from a cut end, when placed in water.IntroductionPhotosynthesis occurs only in the presence of light, and takes place in the chloroplasts of green plant cells. Photosynthesis can be defined as the production of simple sugars from carbon dioxide and water causing the release of sugar and oxygen. The chemical equation for photosynthesis can be expressed as:(light)6CO2 + 6H2O à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ C6H12O6 + 6O2 (in the presence of chlorophyll)The fact that all plants need light in order to photosynthesise has been proven many times in experiments, and so it is possible to say that without light, the plant would die. The reason that light intensity does a ffect the rate of photosynthesis is because as light, and therefore energy, falls on the chloroplasts in a leaf, it is trapped by the chlorophyll, which then makes the energy available for chemical reactions in the plant. Thus, as the amount of sunlight, or in this case light from a bulb, falls on the plant, more energy is absorbed, so more energy is available for the chemical reactions, and so more photosynthesis takes place in a given time. There are many factors, which affect the rate of photosynthesis, including light intensity, temperature and carbon dioxide concentration. The maximum rate of photosynthesis will be constrained by a limiting factor. This factor will prevent the rate of photosynthesis from rising above a certain level, even if the other conditions needed for photosynthesis are improved. It will therefore be necessary to control these factors throughout the experiment so as not to let them affect the integrity of my investigation into the effect of light intensity .PredictionsI predicted that as the intensity of light increased, so would the rate of photosynthesis. Furthermore, I hypothesised that if the light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis will increase at a proportional rate until a certain level is reached, and the rate of increase will then go down. Eventually, a level will be reached where an increase in light intensity will have no further effect on the rate of photosynthesis, as there will be another limiting factor, in this case probably temperature.Preliminary workInitially, to ascertain a suitable range of distances at which to record results for my experiment, I did a preliminary investigation in which I recorded the number of bubbles of oxygen given off in a given time at various light intensities. To alter the light intensity, I placed a lamp at various distances from the plant. I also therefore needed a way of accurately measuring the light intensity, and I did this using a photometer. I recorded the lux reading (unit of light intensity) at each distance. I got the following results:Results of preliminary experimentDistanceLight intensityNo. Bubbles(cms)(lux)4555124080123511013301491425208162031018155902010945215101521Although this is a very quick, simple and efficient way of obtaining an idea of the trends for the graph, and the boundaries for the measurements, this experiment was not in itself in my opinion accurate enough to be the basis of my main experiment. This lack of accuracy was mainly due to the fact that by simply counting the bubbles, I was relying on each bubble being exactly the same size, which they clearly were not. The preliminary experiment will, however, give me a best fit curve to which I can compare my main graph, and also points at either end of my results at which it is clear to see light intensity has little or no effect. Here, it was in fact at a light intensity of around 950 when it seems that another factor such as temperature or carbon dioxide concentration has become a limiting factor. In my main experiment therefore, it will not be necessary to take readings above this point. It also shows that while my outer limits are justified, it would be better to take more readings between the distances of 10 and 20 centimetres, as the distance between the points is large at this point, and so I have decided to take readings at the following distances: 5, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45, cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s.MethodInput variables à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ light intensity is to be varied by increasing and decreasing the distance from the light source to the plantOutput variables à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ volume of oxygen produced (rate of photosynthesis) is to be measured by finding the volume of oxygen produced in a minute, and thus finding the rate of photosynthesisControl variables à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Light wavelength (colour) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ light energy is absorbed by the pigment, chlorophyll, in the leaf. Chlorophyll easily absorbs blue light, in the 400-450 nm range, a nd also easily absorbs red light, in the 650-700 nm range. However it does not easily absorb green or yellow light, rather it reflects them, decreasing the amount of light absorbed, and therefore the rate of photosynthesis. This can easily be controlled, simply by using the same lamp throughout the experiment.Carbon dioxide concentration à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ This can affect the rate of photosynthesis, since if there is too little CO2, it can become the limiting factor, thus impeding the viability of the experiment. In this case, as long as the experiment is done over a short period of time, the amount of carbon dioxide used up by the plant will not be sufficient enough to cause the carbon dioxide concentration to become the limiting factor. If my experiment were to be performed over a longer period of time, for instance 24 hours, I would add a fixed amount of Sodium hydrogen carbonate to the water, thus ensuring a large enough supply of carbon dioxide.Water availability à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ water i s also required in the photosynthesis reaction, and when it is lacking, the plantsà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ stomata close to prevent further water loss. This closing of the stomata cells also leads to little carbon dioxide being able to diffuse through. Clearly, in a water plant, like the pondweed, as long as the plant is fully submerged in water at all times, this will not be a problem.Temperature à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Enzymes are used in the photosynthesis reactions of a plant. Therefore, temperature will increase the rate of photosynthesis, until a point at which the enzymes denature. Although performing the experiment at a temperature slightly higher than room temperature, perhaps 25à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C, would have a positive effect on the accuracy of the readings I took, as it would reduce the percentage error, by increasing the volumes, I decided that the inaccuracy of maintaining a constant temperature would outweigh any advantages. I am therefore going to perform the experiment at room temperature, chec king the temperature frequently, in case the heat given off from the light should slightly raise the temperature, in which case I shall simply refill the beaker with more water after each experiment.MethodApparatus listDesk lampAudus apparatusCanadian pond weedKnifeClampPond waterThermometerTest-tubeBeakerCold waterStopwatchCut a stem of Canadian pondweed of about 3cm in length. Fill a test-tube with pond water, and place it in a clamp, and then in a large beaker of cold water. Connect the end of the pondweed to the Audus apparatus. Insert a thermometer into the beaker, and record the temperature at the beginning and end of each experiment, merely as a precaution against a significant rise in temperature, which is not expected. Set up a lamp at a set distance from the plant, ensuring that this distance is from the filament of the lamp to the actual pondweed, rather than the edge of the beaker. The light intensity was measured in the same way as described in the preliminary experimen t, and assumed to be the same at any point at any particular distance. When bubbles are being produced at a steady rate, clear any previous bubbles from the tubing by moving the syringe. Start the stopwatch, and wait for 1 minute. Move the bubbles, which have been collected at the bend in the tubing to the part of the tube with a scale. Find the length of the bubble collected. Repeat for all other readings, and then repeat all readings a second time to get an average result for each distance.Audus apparatusUsing the described method, I found the following results:Results for main experimentDistanceLight intensitylength 1length 2average length(cm)(lux)(mm)(mm)(mm)510153.53.53.5109453.53.53.512770433.5146393.53.53.51650033.53.25183953332031023.52.75252081.52.51.75301491.51.51.53511011140800.510.75455500.50.25Although, because I was using light intensity as my variable, I did not need to record the distances as well, I did, simply to use them as a marker for each result, so that I only had to record the light intensity once at the beginning and from then I just had to align the lamp at the correct distance each time.AnalysisMy graph was in the form of a best-fit curve. I drew it as a curve rather than a straight line because of the clear pattern of the points. This meant that the rate of photosynthesis increased as the light intensity increased. This was because photosynthesis is a reaction, which needs energy from light to work, so as the amount of energy available from light increased with the rise in light intensity, so did the amount of oxygen produced as a product of photosynthesis.My graphs showed that the relationship between the light intensity and the rate of photosynthesis was non-linear, as both graphs produced a best-fit curve. However, as I expected in my hypothesis, it does appear that for the very first part of the graph, the increase in rate is in fact proportional to the increase in light intensity (i.e. a straight line) and I can show this by ta king some readings from the graph:Light intensity Rate of photosynthesis(All increase by the 100 1 (mm/min)same factor) 150 1.5 (mm/min)200 2 (mm/min)From these results, I am able to say that an increase in light intensity does certainly increase the rate of photosynthesis. The gradual decrease in the rate of increase of the rate of photosynthesis (the shallowing of the curve) can be attributed to the other factors limiting the rate of photosynthesis. As light intensity increases, the photosynthetic rate is being limited by certain factors, such as carbon dioxide and temperature. These factors do not immediately limit the rate of photosynthesis, but rather gradually. As light intensity increases further, so the rate of photosynthesis is being limited by other factors more and more, until the rate of photosynthesis is constant, and so is almost certainly limited in full by another factor.Overall, both graphs and my results support my predictions fully. My idea that the rate of photos ynthesis would increase with light intensity was comprehensively backed up by my results. This is because a higher light intensity involves a greater level of light energy, which can then be transferred to a special protein environment designed to convert the energy. Here, the energy of a photon is used to transfer electrons from one chlorophyll pigment to the next. When enough energy has been gathered at a reaction centre, ATP can be synthesised from ADP. The oxygen collected in the experiment is in fact the by-product of this reaction, and so it is clear to see that the more light energy, the more ADP is being converted into ATP and more oxygen is produced as a result.EvaluationAlthough I feel that my experiment was sound overall, I thought there were many points at which the accuracy was not perfect. As I have already stated, my preliminary experiment was not accurate enough to justify being used as my main experiment, mostly due to the fact that I was relying on all the bubbles being the same size, which they clearly werenà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½t, however many of the smaller inaccuracies also apply to my main experiment.Firstly, the distance between the light sources and the Canadian Pondweed were not measured to a very high degree of accuracy, especially when you note the fact that the distance should have been measured exactly from the filament of the light bulb to the centre of the plant, and it is possible here to find a percentage error. I estimate that the error could have been up to 0.5cm and I will find the percentage error for the largest and smallest reading using this estimate:Percentage error = possible inaccuracytotal reading% error distance10 5cm1 50cmIt is clear to see that the percentage error is much less for the larger distances. Although I was not actually using the distances as part of my results, I used them as a marker for where the lamp was placed each time, as I assumed that the light intensity would be the same each time at a particular dista nce. Therefore, any inaccuracies in measuring the distances, i.e. if a distance was slightly different when doing the actual experiment from the distance at which I earlier measured the light intensity, an error would ensue.The second major inaccuracy was in measuring the volume of oxygen given off.When reading the syringe there could have been an error of 0.25mm, and again it is possible to find a percentage error.% error volume3.57 7ml50 0.5mlFor the smallest volumes this is clearly a massive error, and to improve this, it would be necessary to do the readings over a longer period of time, therefore increasing the volumes, and in turn reducing the percentage errors.Another error would have been due to background light in the vicinity. We tried to reduce this error by closing all blinds in the laboratory, but due to practical reasons, we could not all perform the experiment in a separate room, and we therefore experienced light pollution from other studentà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s experiments. This would have had a very marginal effect on my results as a whole, but to eliminate this problem completely, it would have been necessary to perform the experiment in a totally dark room.A further inaccuracy was in the heat generated by the lamp. As I have earlier described, temperature has a very noticeable effect on the rate of photosynthesis, and so any increase in the temperature of the pond water would have had serious effects on the accuracy of my results. To ensure this did not happen, I monitored the temperature of the water before and after every reading, to check that the temperature did in fact not rise. It turned out not to be a problem, as over the short period of time taken by my experimental readings, the temperature did not rise at all. However, if I were to extend the time of my experiment to 5 minutes for each reading for example, which would have the effect of reducing other percentage errors, I would have to find some way of keeping the temperature constant. O ne way of doing this would be to place a perspex block between the lamp and the plant, which would absorb most of the heat, while allowing the light energy to pass through.As I mentioned in my planning, carbon dioxide concentration could have been an error in the experiment, however, I feel that due to the short period of time taken, there is very little chance that the concentration would ever have been so low as to have become the limiting factor. Again if I were to carry out the experiment over a longer time period, it would have been necessary to add sodium hydrogen carbonate to the water to increase the carbon dioxide concentrations.The last inaccuracy, though a small one, was in the time keeping. The main problem here was in when to begin the minute. If for one reading, the minute was started just after one bubble had been produced, and in another reading it was just before, this could have had a negative effect on the accuracy of my results. I therefore ensured that in each c ase I started the stopwatch just after a bubble had been produced, thus heightening the accuracy.Overall, I felt that due to the small volumes of oxygen involved, my experiment was not as accurate as it could have been, however I believe it was accurate enough to support and justify my hypotheses. Improvements could have been made as I have stated, mainly by simply increasing the time taken. However, due to practical time constraints in taking the readings for my investigation, and some consequential problems relating to time extension, I could not in fact make these adjustments. The other obvious way of increasing the reliability of my results would be to take many repeat readings and find an average.To extend my enquiries into the rate of photosynthesis, I could perhaps try to link in some of the other limiting factors to the same experiment, as well as investigating them in their own right. It could also be interesting to explore the effects of coloured lights on the rate of phot osynthesis, which could lead to the question of whether or not other types of light, such as fluorescent lights or halogen lights, would have a different effect on the rate of photosynthes